- Chinese Core Journal
- Chinese Science Citation Database (CSCD) Source journal
- Journal of Citation Report of Chinese S&T Journals (Core Edition)
| Citation: |
TONG Xiong, WANG Xiujuan, LI Dagang, ZHU Hengqian, DING Diyun, MIN Li, XU Bin, WANG Gang. Variation in milk performance of Holstein dairy cows under the effects of season, parity and lactation stage in South China[J]. Journal of South China Agricultural University, 2018, 39(2): 16-22. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.2018.02.003
|
To identify the effects of season change, parity and lactation stage on milk performance traits of Holstein dairy cows in South China.
Dairy herd improvement (DHI) records of 10 450 Holstein cows were collected from a large dairy farm in Guangzhou throughout 2015. Information of milk performance traits including milk yield, milk fat percentage, milk protein percentage and fat-to-protein rate were extracted. The effects of season, parity and lactation stage on milk performance traits were evaluated. The correlations among factors and traits were analyzed.
Season, parity and lactation stage all had highly significant effects on both milk yield and milk nutrient contents (P<0.001). Summer milk yield was highly significant lower compared with the other seasons (P<0.01). All indexes of milk constituents reached the lowest in summer and were highly significantly lower than those in spring or winter (P<0.01), and the spring values were significantly higher than winter values(P<0.01). Milk yield and milk protein percentage were the highest in December, but not in January which was the coldest month of the year. Peak milk yields of first-parity cows reached during the third month of lactation, but those of the other parity cows reached during the second month of lactation with higher peak values compared to first-parity cows. However, the decreasing rate of milk yield was slower in first-parity cows than in the other parity cows. Milk yield increased gradually from first to second parity, and then decreased with rising parity. For milk constituents, all indexes reached the maximum at first-parity, decreased gradually with rising parity and then increased from fourth to fifth parity. During lactation, fat-to-protein rate was higher at an early stage and lower at a later stage, and there was highly significant positive correlation between milk fat and protein percentages(r=0.63, P<0.01).
Lactation cows of South China are subjected not only to heat stress in summer, but also to cold stress in winter, which restricts the milk performance traits. High parity (above third-parity) cows account for a low percentage of the studied population, resulting in a low value of annual milk parity. Low dietary nutrition and feeding level are strongly restricting the production performance at a later lactation stage for high parity cows.
| [1] |
PRENDIVILLE R, PIERCE K, BUCKLEY F. An evaluation of production efficiencies among lactating Holstein-Friesian, Jersey, and Jersey×Holstein-Friesian cows at pasture[J]. J Dairy Sci, 2009, 92(12): 6176-6185.
|
| [2] |
KELSEY J A, CORL B A, COLLIER R J, et al. The effect of breed, parity, and stage of lactation on conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in milk fat from dairy cows[J]. J Dairy Sci, 2003, 86(8): 2588-2597.
|
| [3] |
VUJANAC I, KIROVSKI D, ŠAMANC H, et al. Milk production in high-yielding dairy cows under different environment temperatures[J]. Large Anim Rev, 2012, 18(1): 31-36.
|
| [4] |
HOPKINS D, STEER C D, NORTHSTONE K, et al. Effects on childhood body habitus of feeding large volumes of cow or formula milk compared with breastfeeding in the latter part of infancy[J]. Am J Clin Nutr, 2015, 102(5): 1096-1103.
|
| [5] |
QUIST M A, LEBLANC S J, HAND K J, et al. Milking-to-milking variability for milk yield, fat and protein percentage, and somatic cell count[J]. J Dairy Sci, 2008, 91(9): 3412-3423.
|
| [6] |
HECK J M, VAN VALENBERG H J, DIJKSTRA J, et al. Seasonal variation in the Dutch bovine raw milk composition[J]. J Dairy Sci, 2009, 92(10): 4745-4755.
|
| [7] |
熊本海, 易渺, 杨琴, 等. 中国北方荷斯坦奶牛乳成分及相关指标的季节性与胎次变化规律研究[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2013(1): 31-37.
|
| [8] |
魏琳琳, 杨继业, 秦雪, 等. 季节、胎次、泌乳时期与奶牛产奶量及乳成分的相关分析[J]. 中国奶牛, 2015(Z3): 10-14.
|
| [9] |
JOHNSTON J, HAMBLIN F, SCHRADER G. Factors concerned in the comparative heat tolerance of Jersey, Holstein and Red Sindhi-Holstein (F) cattle[J]. J Anim Sci, 1958, 17(2): 473-479.
|
| [10] |
汪翔. 娟姗牛的杂交应用研究进展[J]. 中国奶牛, 2016, 317(9): 12-19.
|
| [11] |
NGUYEN T T, BOWMAN P J, HAILE-MARIAM M, et al. Genomic selection for tolerance to heat stress in Australian dairy cattle[J]. J Dairy Sci, 2016, 99(4): 2849-2862.
|
| [12] |
常玲玲, 杨章平, 陈仁金, 等. 南方集约化饲养条件下荷斯坦奶牛乳脂率和乳蛋白率变化规律的初步研究[J]. 中国畜牧杂志, 2010(1): 43-47.
|
| [13] |
CURTIS A, SCHARF B, EICHEN P, et al. Relationships between ambient conditions, thermal status, and feed intake of cattle during summer heat stress with access to shade[J]. J Therm Biol, 2017, 63: 104-111.
|
| [14] |
COX B, GASPARRINI A, CATRY B, et al. Mortality related to cold and heat. What do we learn from dairy cattle?[J]. Environ Res, 2016, 149: 231-238.
|
| [15] |
廉红霞, 周亚丽, 高腾云. 胎次对荷斯坦牛产奶量及乳脂率的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医杂志, 2013, 32(6): 26-28.
|
| [16] |
王根林, 养牛学[M]. 2版. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2006.
|
| [17] |
肖西山, 付静涛, 雷莉辉, 等. 奶牛胎次与日产奶量和体细胞数量的关系分析[J]. 当代畜牧, 2014(6): 42-43.
|
| [18] |
张瑞华, 张峥臻, 张克春. 上海地区规模奶牛场牛只淘汰原因与胎次、月份关系的研究[C]//第五届中国奶业大会论文集. 北京: 中国奶业协会, 2014.
|
| [19] |
PULINA G, NUDDA A, BATTACONE G, et al. Effects of nutrition on the contents of fat, protein, somatic cells, aromatic compounds, and undesirable substances in sheep milk[J]. Anim Feed Sci Tech, 2006, 131(3): 255-291.
|
| [20] |
MACHADO S C, MCMANUS C M, STUMPF M T, et al. Concentrate∶forage ratio in the diet of dairy cows does not alter milk physical attributes[J]. Trop Anim Health Prod, 2014, 46(5): 855-859.
|
| [21] |
GAO S, GUO J, QUAN S, et al. The effects of heat stress on protein metabolism in lactating Holstein cows[J]. J Dairy Sci, 2017, 100(6): 5040-5049.
|
Supported by: Beijing Renhe Information Technology Co., Ltd. 
DownLoad: