Research progress on genetic transformation methods of rice

To introduce the development process and achievements of rice genetic transformation methods, and provide references for the research and application of rice genetic transformation system. Based on the two methods of bio-mediated transformation and abiotic-mediated transformation, the first report and important progress of various transformation methods were introduced, with the prospect at last. Among the bio-mediated transformation methods, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method is applied by infecting rice embryo, panicle, callus tissue and stem tip. The transformation system of seed embryo and its induced callus as materials is mature, and the transformation method using panicle and stem tip is simple and convenient, with short transformation and regeneration cycle. In addition, preliminary studies have tried to transform rice with Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Ensifer adhaerens. Among the abiotic-mediated transformation methods, physical method transformation methods (particle bombardment, electroporation, pollen-tube pathway and microinjection) are more traditional transformation methods. The particle bombardment method is relatively mature, and the pollen-tube pathway method has made great progress in breeding. Among the medium-mediated transformation methods, the application of nanomaterials is gradually becoming a research hotspot. The development of rice genetic transformation can be initiated by selecting transformation materials and optimizing transformation vectors. Concurrently, integrating the transformation system with techniques like DNA-free and haploid induction can enhance both transformation efficiency and safety, while also reducing the duration of the transformation and regeneration process.