The relationships of <i>Carterocephalus alcina</i> Evans, 1939 and relatives (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Heteropterinae)

HOU Yongxiang; LI Yufei; WANG Min; CHIBA Hideyuki; FAN Xiaoling

doi:10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.202009046

Journal of South China Agricultural University > 2021 > 42(1): 101-108. > DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.202009046

HOU Yongxiang, LI Yufei, WANG Min, et al. The relationships of Carterocephalus alcina Evans, 1939 and relatives (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Heteropterinae)[J]. Journal of South China Agricultural University, 2021, 42(1): 101-108. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.202009046

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The relationships of Carterocephalus alcina Evans, 1939 and relatives (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Heteropterinae)

1.
College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
2.
School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061, China
3.
B. P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96817-0916, U.S.A.

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Received Date: September 27, 2020
Available Online: May 17, 2023

Graphical Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the relationships of Carterocephalus alcina Evans, 1939 and its relatives.

Method
The relationships of C. alcina and its relatives were analyzed based on morphological characters, COI barcodes and geographical distribution using an extensive sample collection.

Result
C. alcinoides Lee, 1962 is only an individual variation of C. alcina, and therefore it is a new synonym of C. alcina. The minimum mean genetic distance between the two samples from Beijing and relatives is 3.9%, and they form a distinct clade in the phylogenetic tree. They are characterized by the presence of spots at the base of the discoidal cell of the forewing upperside and in the middle of the leading edge of the hindwing as well as the spot of M_1-2 cells extending to the submarginal zone on the hindwing upperside. C. alcina, the clade composed of two samples from Beijing, C. palaemon and C. silvicola are recovered as a strongly supported monophyletic clade.

Conclusion
C. alcinoides is a new junior synonym of C. alcina. The population which has been known as C. alcina from Beijing is actually a new species, C. longimaculatus Hou, Fan & Li sp. nov..
- Carterocephalus,
- new synonym,
- new species,
- morphology,
- COI barcode,
- phylogeny

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References (36)

References

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The relationships of Carterocephalus alcina Evans, 1939 and relatives (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Heteropterinae)

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