Citation: | ZHAO Xin, XING Pingping, ZHANG Heng, et al. Ablation effect of busulfan on pig endogenous spermatogonial stem cells and transplantation of exogenous spermatogonial stem cells[J]. Journal of South China Agricultural University, 2021, 42(1): 1-11. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.202006016 |
To study the effect of intratubular injection of busulfan on ablation of pig endogenous spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) and allotransplantation of SSCs on the recovery of the reproductive ability of the recipient after ablation of endogenous SSCs.
Nine 6-week-old Large-white boars were injected through seminiferous tubules with busulfan at a dosage of 3 mg/kg, and other three pigs were injected with 2 mL DMSO as controls. After three weeks, each boar in the test group was given a second injection at the same dosage. At three weeks after the second injection, testes from test and control groups were collected to evaluate the endogenous SSC ablation conditions. At one month after the second busulfan injection, testicular single-cell suspension was isolated from the testes of 5−7-day-old Large-white piglets by two-step enzyme digestion method and purified by gelatin differential adherence method. After purification, the purity of SSCs was analyzed by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. At four months after allotransplantation of SSCs, microsatellite marker analysis was used to detect the presence of donor-derived SSCs in recipient boar semen and testicular tissue.
After treating the Large-white boar twice with busulfan at a dosage of 3 mg/kg, the results of HE staining and immunohistochemistry staining of testis tissue showed that germ cells at all levels in the seminiferous tubules of the testes in test group were ablated but the structure of sertoli cell was intact, which could support the colonization and development of transplanted exogenous SSC. The results of immunofluorescence and flow cytometry showed that the rate of UCHL-1 positive cells in the isolated testicular single-cell suspension increased from 16.3% before differential adhesion to 50.8% after purification. At four months after allotransplantation of porcine SSC, HE staining and immunohistochemical staining of testicular tissues in the transplanted group showed recovery of germ cell layers compared with the group injected with busulfan but not transplanted with donor cells. UCHL-1 positive SSCs were detected on the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules in recipient testes. Microsatellite marker analysis of recipient testis tissue showed the presence of donor SSCs, suggesting that donor SSCs transplanted into recipient testes could colonize and survive in recipient testes for more than four months. However, microsatellite marker analysis of semen did not detect donor-derived sperms.
Intratubular injection of busulfan into boar testes at a dosage of 3 mg/kg can effectively ablate endogenous SSCs and can be used to prepare recipient pigs for SSC transplantation. Two-step enzyme digestion and gelatin differential adhesion method can be used to successfully isolate and purify porcine SSCs. Porcine SSCs can colonize in recipient testes and survive for more than four months after allotransplantation.
[1] |
KERR J, LOVELAND K, OBRYAN M, et al. Cytology of the testis and intrinsic control mechanisms[M]//NEILL J D. Knobil and Neill’s Physiology of Reproduction. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2006: 827-947.
|
[2] |
MULDER C L, ZHENG Y, JAN S Z, et al. Spermatogonial stem cell autotransplantation and germline genomic editing: A future cure for spermatogenic failure and prevention of transmission of genomic diseases[J]. Human Reproduction Update, 2016, 22(5): 561-573. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmw017
|
[3] |
BRINSTER R L, ZIMMERMANN J W. Spermatogenesis following male germ-cell transplantation[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1994, 91(24): 11298-11302. doi: 10.1073/pnas.91.24.11298
|
[4] |
BRINSTER R L, AVARBOCK M R. Germline transmission of donor haplotype following spermatogonial transplantation[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1994, 91(24): 11303-11307. doi: 10.1073/pnas.91.24.11303
|
[5] |
HONARAMOOZ A, MEGEE S O, DOBRINSKI I. Germ cell transplantation in pigs[J]. Biology of Reproduction, 2002, 66(1): 21-28. doi: 10.1095/biolreprod66.1.21
|
[6] |
MIKKOLA M, SIRONEN A, KOPP C, et al. Transplantation of normal boar testicular cells resulted in complete focal spermatogenesis in a boar affected by the immotile short-tail sperm defect[J]. Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 2006, 41(2): 124-128. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2006.00651.x
|
[7] |
ZENG W X, TANG L, BONDAREVA A, et al. Viral transduction of male germline stem cells results in transgene transmission after germ cell transplantation in pigs[J]. Biology of Reproduction, 2013, 88(1): 27.
|
[8] |
KIM B G, KIM Y H, LEE Y A, et al. Production of transgenic spermatozoa by lentiviral transduction and transplantation of porcine spermatogonial stem cells[J]. Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 2014, 11(6): 458-466. doi: 10.1007/s13770-014-0078-8
|
[9] |
IZADYAR F, DEN OUDEN K, STOUT T A E, et al. Autologous and homologous transplantation of bovine spermatogonial stem cells[J]. Reproduction, 2003, 126(6): 765-774. doi: 10.1530/rep.0.1260765
|
[10] |
HERRID M, VIGNARAJAN S, DAVEY R, et al. Successful transplantation of bovine testicular cells to heterologous recipients[J]. Reproduction, 2006, 132(4): 617-624. doi: 10.1530/rep.1.01125
|
[11] |
STOCKWELL S, HERRID M, DAVEY R, et al. Microsatellite detection of donor-derived sperm DNA following germ cell transplantation in cattle[J]. Reproduction, Fertility and Development, 2009, 21(3): 462-468. doi: 10.1071/RD08130
|
[12] |
HONARAMOOZ A, BEHBOODI E, MEGEE S O, et al. Fertility and germline transmission of donor haplotype following germ cell transplantation in immunocompetent goats[J]. Biology of Reproduction, 2003, 69(4): 1260-1264. doi: 10.1095/biolreprod.103.018788
|
[13] |
HONARAMOOZ A, BEHBOODI E, BLASH S, et al. Germ cell transplantation in goats[J]. Molecular Reproduction and Development, 2003, 64(4): 422-428. doi: 10.1002/mrd.10205
|
[14] |
KAUL G, KAUR J, RAFEEQI T A. Ultrasound guided transplantation of enriched and cryopreserved spermatogonial cell suspension in goats[J]. Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 2010, 45(6): e249-e254. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2009.01549.x
|
[15] |
RODRIGUEZ-SOSA J R, DOBSON H, HAHNEL A. Isolation and transplantation of spermatogonia in sheep[J]. Theriogenology, 2006, 66(9): 2091-2103. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.03.039
|
[16] |
HERRID M, DAVEY R, STOCKWELL S, et al. A shorter interval between irradiation of recipient testis and germ cell transplantation is detrimental to recovery of fertility in rams[J]. International Journal of Andrology, 2011, 34(5 Pt 1): 501-512.
|
[17] |
HERRID M, OLEJNIK J, JACKSON M, et al. Irradiation enhances the efficiency of testicular germ cell transplantation in sheep[J]. Biology of Reproduction, 2009, 81(5): 898-905. doi: 10.1095/biolreprod.109.078279
|
[18] |
STOCKWELL S, HILL J R, DAVEY R, et al. Transplanted germ cells persist long-term in irradiated ram testes[J]. Animal Reproduction Science, 2013, 142(3/4): 137-140. doi: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2013.09.012
|
[19] |
SCHLATT S, FOPPIANI L, ROLF C, et al. Germ cell transplantation into X-irradiated monkey testes[J]. Human Reproduction, 2002, 17(1): 55-62. doi: 10.1093/humrep/17.1.55
|
[20] |
SCHLATT S, ROSIEPEN G, WEINBAUER G F, et al. Germ cell transfer into rat, bovine, monkey and human testes[J]. Human Reproduction, 1999, 14(1): 144-150. doi: 10.1093/humrep/14.1.144
|
[21] |
JAHNUKAINEN K, EHMCKE J, QUADER M A, et al. Testicular recovery after irradiation differs in prepubertal and pubertal non-human primates, and can be enhanced by autologous germ cell transplantation[J]. Human Reproduction, 2011, 26(8): 1945-1954. doi: 10.1093/humrep/der160
|
[22] |
HERMANN B P, SUKHWANI M, WINKLER F, et al. Spermatogonial stem cell transplantation into rhesus testes regenerates spermatogenesis producing functional sperm[J]. Cell Stem Cell, 2012, 11(5): 715-726. doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2012.07.017
|
[23] |
GOOSSENS E, TOURNAYE H. Functional sperm produced after spermatogonial stem cell transplantation into rhesus[J]. Asian Journal of Andrology, 2013, 15(2): 216-217. doi: 10.1038/aja.2012.155
|
[24] |
SHETTY G, MITCHELL J M, MEYER J M, et al. Restoration of functional sperm production in irradiated pubertal rhesus monkeys by spermatogonial stem cell transplantation[J]. Andrology, 2020, 8(5): 1428-1441. doi: 10.1111/andr.12807
|
[25] |
KIM Y, TURNER D, NELSON J, et al. Production of donor-derived sperm after spermatogonial stem cell transplantation in the dog[J]. Reproduction, 2008, 136(6): 823-831. doi: 10.1530/REP-08-0226
|
[26] |
HARKEY M A, ASANO A, ZOULAS M E, et al. Isolation, genetic manipulation, and transplantation of canine spermatogonial stem cells: progress toward transgenesis through the male germ-line[J]. Reproduction, 2013, 146(1): 75-90. doi: 10.1530/REP-13-0086
|
[27] |
LI C H, YAN L Z, BAN W Z, et al. Long-term propagation of tree shrew spermatogonial stem cells in culture and successful generation of transgenic offspring[J]. Cell Research, 2017, 27(2): 241-252. doi: 10.1038/cr.2016.156
|
[28] |
HERRID M, NAGY P, JUHASZ J, et al. Donor sperm production in heterologous recipients by testis germ cell transplantation in the dromedary camel[J]. Reproduction, Fertility and Development, 2019, 31(3): 538-546. doi: 10.1071/RD18191
|
[29] |
GUL M, HILDORF S, DONG L, et al. Review of injection techniques for spermatogonial stem cell transplantation[J]. Human Reproduction Update, 2020, 26(3): 368-391. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmaa003
|
[30] |
GONZÁLEZ R, DOBRINSKI I. Beyond the mouse monopoly: Studying the male germ line in domestic animal models[J]. ILAR Journal, 2015, 56(1): 83-98. doi: 10.1093/ilar/ilv004
|
[31] |
KUBOTA H, BRINSTER R L. Spermatogonial stem cells[J]. Biology of Reproduction, 2018, 99(1): 52-74. doi: 10.1093/biolre/ioy077
|
[32] |
SAVVULIDI F, PTACEK M, SAVVULIDI VARGOVA K, et al. Manipulation of spermatogonial stem cells in livestock species[J]. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 2019, 10: 46. doi: 10.1186/s40104-019-0355-4
|
[33] |
OGAWA T, ARÉCHAGA J M, AVARBOCK M R, et al. Transplantation of testis germinal cells into mouse seminiferous tubules[J]. International Journal of Developmental Biology, 1997, 41(1): 111-122.
|
[34] |
GIASSETTI M I, CICCARELLI M, OATLEY J M. Spermatogonial stem cell transplantation: Insights and outlook for domestic animals[J]. Annual Review of Animal Biosciences, 2019, 7: 385-401. doi: 10.1146/annurev-animal-020518-115239
|
[35] |
OATLEY J M. Recent advances for spermatogonial stem cell transplantation in livestock[J]. Reproduction, Fertility and Development, 2017, 30(1): 44-49.
|
[36] |
IWAMOTO T, HIRAKU Y, OIKAWA S, et al. DNA intrastrand cross-link at the 5'-GA-3' sequence formed by busulfan and its role in the cytotoxic effect[J]. Cancer Science, 2004, 95(5): 454-458. doi: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2004.tb03231.x
|
[37] |
LIN Z H, BAO J J, KONG Q F, et al. Effective production of recipient male pigs for spermatogonial stem cell transplantation by intratesticular injection with busulfan[J]. Theriogenology, 2017, 89: 365-373. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.10.021
|
[38] |
HONARAMOOZ A, BEHBOODI E, HAUSLER C L, et al. Depletion of endogenous germ cells in male pigs and goats in preparation for germ cell transplantation[J]. Journal of Andrology, 2005, 26(6): 698-705. doi: 10.2164/jandrol.05032
|
[39] |
FAO/ISAG. Secondary guidelines for development of national farm animal genetic resources management plans measurement of domestic animal diversity (MoDAD): Recommended microsatellite markers[EB/OL]. Joint ISAG/FAO Standing Committee. 2004, (2004-09-09)[2020-05-01]. http://wwwuser.gwdg.de/~uatz/FAO/cattel.htm (5 of 5)09/09/2004 16: 53: 05.
|
[40] |
YANG H Q, WU Z F. Genome editing of pigs for agriculture and biomedicine[J]. Frontiers in Genetics, 2018, 9: 360. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00360
|
[41] |
WANG X Y, CHEN T F, ZHANG Y N, et al. Isolation and culture of pig spermatogonial stem cells and their in vitro differentiation into neuron-like cells and adipocytes[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2015, 16(11): 26333-26346. doi: 10.3390/ijms161125958
|
[42] |
ZHENG Y, TIAN X E, ZHANG Y Q, et al. In vitro propagation of male germline stem cells from piglets[J]. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, 2013, 30(7): 945-952. doi: 10.1007/s10815-013-0031-0
|
[43] |
KIM Y H, KIM B J, KIM B G, et al. Stage-specific embryonic antigen-1 expression by undifferentiated spermatogonia in the prepubertal boar testis[J]. Journal of Animal Science, 2013, 91(7): 3143-3154. doi: 10.2527/jas.2012-6139
|
[44] |
ZHANG P F, QIN Y W, ZHENG Y, et al. Phospholipase D family member 6 is a surface marker for enrichment of undifferentiated spermatogonia in prepubertal boars[J]. Stem Cells and Development, 2018, 27(1): 55-64. doi: 10.1089/scd.2017.0140
|
[45] |
QUESENBERRY P J, STEWART F M, ZHONG S J, et al. Lymphohematopoietic stem cell engraftment[J]. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1999, 872: 40-47. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08451.x
|