Investigation into the accuracy of total station elevation surveying using the midway method

An elevation survey calculation formula using the total station midway method was deduced. The error transmission principle was applied to derive the formula, and the impact of various factors on elevation survey accuracy were analyzed and calculated. Verified by experiments, it was confirmed that the total station could replace the water level in elevation measurements with the precision meeting the grade three and grade four specifications for water level surveying within certain ranges. Several proposals were presented to increase elevation surveying precision.