Observation and evaluation of predatory behavior of Harmonia axyridis on Spodoptera frugiperda
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摘要:目的
探究天敌昆虫异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis对草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda的捕食潜力。
方法在室内条件下评价异色瓢虫成虫和4龄幼虫对草地贪夜蛾1~2龄幼虫的捕食能力，观察并总结异色瓢虫的捕食行为特点。
结果通过观察，发现异色瓢虫捕食草地贪夜蛾幼虫主要经过静止、搜寻、试探、取食和爬行5种行为，其中异色瓢虫成虫捕食3龄草地贪夜蛾幼虫时出现3对足抱握猎物的现象。异色瓢虫成虫和4龄幼虫对草地贪夜蛾1~2龄幼虫的捕食功能反应符合HollingⅡ模型。异色瓢虫成虫和4龄幼虫对草地贪夜蛾1龄幼虫的日最大捕食量分别为196.08和161.29头，瞬时攻击率分别为1.390 6和1.451 4，处理时间分别为0.005 1和0.006 2 d；异色瓢虫成虫和4龄幼虫对草地贪夜蛾2龄幼虫的日最大捕食量分别为65.36和41.84头，瞬时攻击率分别为1.145 7和1.271 0，处理时间分别为0.015 3和0.023 9 d，即异色瓢虫成虫对草地贪夜蛾幼虫的捕食能力强于4龄幼虫。
结论异色瓢虫对草地贪夜蛾有一定的潜在控害能力，可用于防控草地贪夜蛾。
Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the predation potential of the natural enemies, Harmonia axyridis, to Spodoptera frugiperda.
MethodThe predation behavior of H. axyridis was observed in laboratory, and the predation abilities of H. axyridis adults and the 4th instar larvae to the 1st and 2nd instar larvae of S. frugiperda were evaluated.
ResultThe predatory behaviors of H. axyridis on S. frugiperda larvae included five behaviors of stationary, searching, testing, feeding and crawling. H. axyridis adult appeared three pairs of feet grasping its prey when preying on the 3rd instar larva of S. frugiperda. The predation function responses of H. axyridis adults and the 4th instar larvae to the 1st and the 2nd instar larvae of S. frugiperda were accorded with the Holling II model. For the 1st instar larvae of S. frugiperda, the maximum daily predation amounts of adults and the 4th instar larvae of H. axyridis were 196.08 and 161.29 individuals respectively, the rates of instantaneous attack were 1.390 6 and 1.451 4 respectively, and the handling time were 0.005 1 and 0.006 2 days respectively. For the 2nd instar larvae of S. frugiperda, the maximum daily predation amounts of adults and the 4th instar larvae of H. axyridis were 65.36 and 41.84 individuals respectively, the rates of instantaneous attack were 1.145 7 and 1.271 0 respectively, and the handling time were 0.015 3 and 0.023 9 days respectively. The predation abilities of H. axyridis adults to S. frugiperda larvae were stronger than those of the 4th instar larvae of H. axyridis.
ConclusionH. axyridis has certain potential control ability on S. frugiperda and can be used for the prevention and control of S. frugiperda.
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Keywords:
- Harmonia axyridis /
- Spodoptera frugiperda /
- predation /
- biological control
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图 1 不同虫态异色瓢虫对草地贪夜蛾1龄幼虫(A)和2龄幼虫(B)不同密度下的搜寻效应
Figure 1. Searching effect of different insect state of Harmonia axyridis on different densities of the 1st instar larvae(A) and the 2nd instar larvae(B) of Spodoptera frugiperda
表 1 异色瓢虫对草地贪夜蛾幼虫的捕食行为参数1)
Table 1 Predation behavior parameters of Harmonia axyridis to Spodoptera frugiperda larvae
min 草地贪夜蛾
S. frugiperdatmin tmax ${\bar t}$ 成虫
Adult4龄幼虫
The 4th instar larvae成虫
Adult4龄幼虫
The 4th instar larvae成虫
Adult4龄幼虫
The 4th instar larvae1龄幼虫 The 1st instar larvae 0.13 1.00 2.00 3.00 0.50±0.09 2.00±0.13 2龄幼虫 The 2nd instar larvae 1.17 1.50 5.00 6.00 2.50±0.17 4.00±0.20 3龄幼虫 The 3rd instar larvae 2.00 — 17.00 — 30.00±1.50 — 1) tmin 和 tmax 分别为异色瓢虫最短和最长搜寻时间； ${\bar t}$ 为异色瓢虫平均进食时间；— 表示未观察到捕食现象
1) tmin and tmax were the shortest and longest searching time of H. axyridis, respectively; ${\bar t}$ was average eating time of H. axyridis; — indicated that no predation was observed
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表 2 异色瓢虫对草地贪夜蛾1、2龄幼虫的日捕食量1)
Table 2 Daily predation number of Harmonia axyridis to the 1st or the 2nd larvae of Spodoptera frugiperda
头 异色瓢虫 H. axyridis 1龄幼虫 The 1st larvae 2龄幼虫 The 2nd larvae 成虫 Adults 91.00±1.54* 35.33±1.20* 幼虫 Larvae 83.67±0.88 30.33±0.88 1) *表示在 0.05 水平差异显著(t 检验)
1) * indicated significant difference at 0.05 level (ttest)
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表 3 异色瓢虫对草地贪夜蛾幼虫的捕食功能反应参数1)
Table 3 Functional response parameters of Harmonia axyridis to Spodoptera frugiperda larvae
草地贪夜蛾
S. frugiperda异色瓢虫
H. axyridis功能反应方程
Functional response equationa Th/d Na max/头 R2 1龄幼虫 The 1st instar larvae 成虫 Adults Na1=1.390 6N/(1+0.007 1N) 1.390 6 0.005 1 196.08 0.969 2 幼虫 Larvae Na2=1.451 4N/(1+0.009 0N) 1.451 4 0.006 2 161.29 0.985 3 2龄幼虫 The 2nd instar larvae 成虫 Adults Na3=1.145 7N/(1+0.017 5N) 1.145 7 0.015 3 65.36 0.978 6 幼虫 Larvae Na4=1.271 0N/(1+0.030 4N) 1.271 0 0.023 9 41.84 0.964 8 1) Na1 为异色瓢虫成虫对草地贪夜蛾 1 龄幼虫的捕食量，Na2 为异色瓢虫 4 龄幼虫对草地贪夜蛾 1 龄幼虫的捕食量，Na3为异色瓢虫成虫对草地贪夜蛾 2 龄幼虫的捕食量，Na4 为异色瓢虫 4 龄幼虫对草地贪夜蛾 2 龄幼虫的捕食量，N 为草地贪夜蛾幼虫的密度；a：瞬时攻击率；Th：处理时间；Na max：日最大捕食量；R2：相关系数
1) Na1 indicate the predation of adult of H. axyridis to the 1st larvae of S. frugiperda; Na2 indicate the predation of the 4th larvae of H. axyridis to the 1st larvae of S. frugiperda; Na3 indicate the predation of adult of H. axyridis to the 2nd larvae of S. frugiperda; Na4 indicate the predation of the 4th larvae of H. axyridis to the 2nd larvae of S. frugiperda; N indicate different densities of larvae of S. frugiperda. a: Instantaneous attack rate; Th: Handing time; Na max: Maximum daily predator capacity; R2: Correlation coefficient
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