Current advances on the molecular mechanism of seed vigor
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摘要:
种子活力是种子播种质量的重要指标，也是种用价值的主要组成部分，它是一个复杂的综合性状，表现为种子快速发芽、耐逆萌发、幼苗快速建成等性状。种子活力与种子发育、成熟、劣变、萌发和处理等环节都密切相关，且受到各种外界环境的影响。本文重点总结了调控种子活力形成、种子快速萌发、种子耐逆萌发、种子幼苗建成等方面的分子机理研究进展，并对今后研究方向进行了展望。
Abstract:Seed vigor is an important index of sowing quality and a major component of seed value. Seed vigor is a complex trait encompassing attributes such as rapid germination, high stress tolerance, and rapid seedling establishment. The regulation of seed vigor is involved in the processes of seed development, seed maturation, seed deterioration, seed germination, and seed treatments, and it is also influenced by various environment factors. In this review, the recent advances on the molecular mechanism of the regulation on the vigor establishment, rapid germination, stress tolerance, and seedling establishment were summarized, as well as the prospects of future research was discussed.
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Keywords:
- Seed vigor /
- Seed germination /
- Seedling establishment /
- Molecular mechanism /
- Stress tolerance
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图 1 种子发育成熟过程中活力形成的分子机理
Figure 1. Molecular mechanism on the establishment of seed vigor during seed development and maturation
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图 2 植物光形态建成分子调控机理模式图
Figure 2. Model of molecular mechanism of photomorphogenesis in plants
表 1 近来报道的控制水稻种子发芽速度相关基因
Table 1 Recently reported genes involving in the speed of seed germination in rice
基因代号
Gene code基因全称
Gene full name基因功能
Gene function参考文献
ReferenceOsIAGLU Indole-3-acetate beta-glucosyltransferase 通过IAA和ABA互作影响OsABIs表达调控种子活力 [26] OsHIPL1 HIPL1 protein 通过ABA信号途径调控种子活力 [27] OsRACK1A WD repeat-containing protein 通过调控ABA和 H2O2含量，并两者相互作用调控种子萌发 [28] OsIPMS1 2-Isopropylmalate synthase B 通过影响氨基酸含量、GA合成和TCA循环调控种子活力 [29] OsCDP3.10 Cupin domain containing protein 通过影响氨基酸含量、促进H2O2积累调控种子活力 [30] OsPK5 Pyruvate kinase 通过影响糖酵解、糖含量、能量水平以及 GA/ABA平衡调控种子活力 [31] OsOMT 2-Oxoglutarate/malate translocator 通过影响氨基酸含量、糖酵解和TCA循环调控种子活力 [32] 
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表 2 近来报道的控制种子耐逆萌发相关基因
Table 2 Recently reported genes involving in seed germination under stress conditions
基因代号
Gene code基因全称
Gene full name基因功能
Gene function参考文献
ReferenceOsHAK21 Potassium transporter 通过改变K+、Na+吸收以及ABA和ROS含量调控种子耐盐萌发 [35] OsSAE1 AP2 domain containing protein 直接结合到OsABI5启动子区，通过ABA信号通路调控种子耐盐萌发 [36] RSM1 Radialis-like SANT/MYB 1 通过调控ABI5表达和下游ABA和胁迫响应基因表达调控种子耐盐萌发 [37] ABI4 Abscisic acid-insensitive 4 ABI4-RbohD/VTC2分子模块通过影响ROS代谢和细胞膜完整性调控种子耐盐萌发 [38] AtSRT2 Histone deacetylase 通过影响H2O2囊泡运输相关膜蛋白基因VAMP714启动子区的组蛋白乙酰化调控种子耐盐萌发 [39] qLTG3-1 LTP family protein precursor 通过组织弱化、降低对胚芽鞘生长的机械阻力，促进低温条件下种子萌发 [40] OsSAP16 C2H2 zinc finger protein 基因表达高低决定了种子耐低温萌发能力，但作用机制未知 [41] AtKP1 Plant-specific kinesin 与AtVDAC3特异性相互作用，参与低温条件下种子发芽过程中的呼吸调控作用 [42] HSP70-16 Heat shock protein 70 与AtVDAC3相互作用，激活AtVDAC3离子通道的开放，促进ABA从胚乳流向胚，从而抑制种子低温发芽 [43] SOM Zinc-finger protein AGL67-EBS复合物通过组蛋白H4K5乙酰化激活SOM表达，抑制高温胁迫下种子发芽 [44] OsTPP7 Glycosyl hydrolase 通过增加T6P运转，从而增强淀粉分解以驱动胚和胚芽鞘生长，提升种子耐淹萌发能力 [45] miR393a MicroRNA 促进胚芽鞘顶端游离吲哚乙酸的积累，从而抑制淹水条件下气孔发育和胚芽鞘伸长 [46] OsCBL10 Calcineurin B 通过影响Ca2+流量和α−淀粉酶活性调控种子耐淹萌发 [47] miR167 MicroRNA 通过miR167a-ARF-GH3分子模块影响IAA积累，调控种子耐淹萌发 [48] OsGF14h 14-3-3 protein 通过与转录因子OsHOX3和OsVP1互作，维持ABA和GA动态平衡，调控种子耐淹萌发 [49] OsUGT75A UDP-glucosyltransferase OsUGT75A 通过糖基化ABA和JA，影响种子和胚芽鞘中游离态ABA和JA含量介导淹水条件下胚芽鞘伸长 [50] TERF1 Ethylene-responsive transcription factor 1 通过激活GA信号通路，负向调控种子发芽过程中对甘露醇处理的敏感性 [51] FLOE1 Formin-like protein 在水合作用时相分离，使植物胚胎能够感知水压力，调控种子发芽最佳时间 [52]
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