The biocontrol effects of Beauveria bassiana and Isaria fumosorosea on Asian citrus psyllid
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摘要:目的
研究2株高致病力菌株球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana和玫烟色棒束孢Isaria fumosorosea菌株对柑橘木虱Diaphorina citri不同虫态的致病力及田间防控效果。
方法球孢白僵菌和玫烟色棒束孢孢子稀释成1×104、1×105、1×106、1×107、1×108 mL-1，室内喷施法研究其对木虱低龄、高龄若虫与成虫的侵染致死效果；在笼罩条件下研究其在半田间条件下对柑橘木虱成虫种群的控制作用。
结果2种真菌制剂对柑橘木虱低龄若虫的致病力高于高龄若虫。7 d后球孢白僵菌和玫烟色棒束孢对柑橘木虱高龄若虫的LC50值分别为3.6×104和5.2×104 mL-1，对低龄若虫的LC50值分别为3.5×104和4.2×104 mL-1，而对柑橘木虱成虫的LC50值分别为1.4×105和1.6×105 mL-1。在半田间条件下，球孢白僵菌和玫烟色棒束孢对柑橘木虱成虫的LC50值分别为3.7×105和1.2×106 mL-1。同一孢子浓度对柑橘木虱的致死率室内效果优于半田间。2种真菌制剂对柑橘木虱成虫的致死时间与孢子浓度有关，LT50随着真菌孢子悬浮液浓度的增加而递减，球孢白僵菌孢子浓度为1×105~1×108 mL-1时，柑橘木虱成虫的LT50值为5.2~4.4 d；玫烟色棒束孢孢子浓度为1×106~1×108 mL-1时，柑橘木虱成虫的LT50值为5.3~4.9 d。
结论球孢白僵菌和玫烟色棒束孢菌株对柑橘木虱有良好的生物防治效果，柑橘木虱各虫态的死亡率与病原真菌的孢子浓度正相关。
Abstract:ObjectiveTo study pathogenicity and biological control effects of two entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Isaria fumosorosea to the nymphs and adults of Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) Diaphorina citri.
MethodThe spore suspensions of B. bassiana and I. fumosorosea were diluted to 1×104, 1×105, 1×106, 1×107 and 1×108 mL-1, and then were sprayed on ACP younger instar, older instar nymphs and adults indoor to study the lethal effects and under semi-field conditions to study the control effects against ACP adult population.
ResultB. bassiana and I. fumosorosea had higher pathogenicity to younger nymphs (2-3 instar) than to older nymphs(4-5 instar). After seven days infection, the LC50 of B. bassiana and I. fumosorosea to ACP older nymphs were 3.6×104 and 5.2×104 mL-1, to ACP younger nymphs were 3.5×104 and 4.2×104 mL-1, and to ACP adults were 1.4×105 and 1.6×105 mL-1 respectively. Under semi-field conditions, the LC50 of B. bassiana and I. fumosorosea to ACP adults increased to 3.7×105 and 1.2×106 mL-1. The lethal effects of two fungi at the same spore concentration against ACP in semi-field were lower than those indoor. Meanwhile, the lethal time of both fungi to ACP adults was correlated with spore concentration. The LT50 decreased with the increase of spore concentration, ranged between 5.2-4.4 days when the spore concentration of B. bassiana varied from 1×105 to 1×108 mL-1, and ranged between 5.3-4.9 days when the spore concentration of I. fumosorosea varied from 1×106 to 1×108 mL-1.
ConclusionBoth B. bassiana and I. fumosorosea have good biocontrol effects against ACP. The fatality rates of ACP are positively correlated with the concentrations of fungal spores.
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Keywords:
- Asian citrus psyllid /
- Beauveria bassiana /
- Isaria fumosorosea /
- pathogenicity /
- biological control
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图 1 半田间条件下球孢白僵菌和玫烟色棒束孢对柑橘木虱成虫的致死率
Figure 1. The fatality rates of Diaphorina citri adults infected with different concentrations of Beauveria bassiana and Isaria fumosorosea under semi-field conditions
表 1 球孢白僵菌和玫烟色棒束孢对柑橘木虱若虫侵染7 d后的致死率1)
Table 1 The fatality rates of Diaphorina citri nymphs after infected seven days with different concentrations of Beauveria bassiana and Isaria fumosorosea
% 菌株 孢子浓度/mL-1 低龄若虫 高龄若虫 球孢白僵菌 1×104 41.0±10.0c 46.4±3.3de 1×105 63.3±5.8b 55.0±2.9dc 1×106 78.6±4.4b 71.7±3.3bc 1×107 87.6±4.4ab 82.9±4.4ab 1×108 96.7±5.7a 93.3±4.4a CK 28.3±6.7c 22.5±4.4e 玫烟色棒束孢 1×104 36.5±4.4c 33.3±3.3b 1×105 58.9±5.8b 53.4±3.9b 1×106 73.0±2.9b 68.5±3.3a 1×107 81.8±4.4a 76.3±3.3a 1×108 88.3±4.9a 83.7±6.7a CK 27.7±6.7c 21.7±1.7c 1) 同一菌株同列数据后凡具有一个相同字母者，表示差异不显著(P > 0.05，SSR法)。 
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表 2 球孢白僵菌和玫烟色棒束孢对柑橘木虱成虫侵染7 d后的致死率1)
Table 2 The fatality rates of Diaphorina citri adults after infected seven days with different concentrations of Beauveria bassiana and Isaria fumosorosea
% 菌株 孢子浓度/mL-1 成虫 球孢白僵菌 1×104 34.6±4.5cd 1×105 49.5±5.4c 1×106 61.4±6.2bc 1×107 82.3±8.7ab 1×108 91.0±5.9a CK 22.1±4.4d 玫烟色棒束孢 1×104 31.2±5.9cd 1×105 45.2±4.4bc 1×106 51.4±6.0b 1×107 72.9±8.2a 1×108 88.3±6.7a CK 21.6±2.9d 1) 同一菌株同列数据后凡具有一个相同字母者，表示差异不显著(P > 0.05，SSR法)。
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表 3 球孢白僵菌和玫烟色棒束孢对柑橘木虱成虫的致死中时间1)
Table 3 The lethal time of Diaphorina citri adults infected with different concentrations of Beauveria bassiana and Isaria fumosorosea
d 孢子浓度/mL-1 球孢白僵菌 玫烟色棒束孢 1×104 － － 1×105 － － 1×106 5.2±0.3 － 1×107 4.6±0.4 5.3±0.3 1×108 4.4±0.2 4.9±0.2 1)“－”表示柑橘木虱成虫的最终死亡率低于50%，无LT50。
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表 4 球孢白僵菌和玫烟色棒束孢对柑橘木虱致病力的回归方程
Table 4 Regression equations of pathogenicities of Beauveria bassiana and Isaria fumosorosea against Diaphorina citri at different stages
菌株 柑橘木虱种群 致病力回归方程1) LC50/mL-1 95%置信区间 R 球孢白僵菌 低龄若虫 y=2.81+0.48x 3.5×104 3.3~3.7 0.954 1 高龄若虫 y=3.25+0.39x 3.6×104 3.1~4.0 0.964 4 成虫实验室种群 y=2.78+0.43x 1.4×105 1.0~1.7 0.945 1 成虫田间种群 y=3.50+0.27x 3.7×105 32.0~43.0 0.964 2 玫烟色棒束孢 低龄若虫 y=2.22+0.60x 4.2×104 3.9~4.6 0.946 8 高龄若虫 y=2.77+0.49x 5.2×104 4.8~5.6 0.938 6 成虫实验室种群 y=1.69+0.64x 1.6×105 13.0~19.0 0.964 7 成虫田间种群 y=3.06+0.32x 1.2×106 100.0~140.0 0.950 6 1) x表示孢子浓度的对数值，y表示致病率。
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