Attractions of volatiles from wax-apple fruit to the oriental fruit fly
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摘要:目的
研究莲雾Syzyzgium samarangense果实挥发物对橘小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis的引诱作用.
方法利用Y型嗅觉仪测试橘小实蝇对5个莲雾品种(黑珍珠、印度红、大叶、泰国红钻石、巴掌)的成熟果及黑珍珠果的5个不同发育阶段挥发物的行为反应，并通过室内接虫研究该虫对5个莲雾品种的产卵选择性；利用固相微萃取法(SPME)和气质联用(GC-MS)技术对5个莲雾品种成熟果的挥发物成分进行分析；依据黑珍珠不同发育阶段挥发物成分的变化，并结合5个莲雾品种挥发物成分，测试9种合成的单体化合物对橘小实蝇的引诱效果.
结果和结论5个莲雾品种及黑珍珠果不同发育阶段的挥发物对雄虫无引诱作用(P＞0.05)；不同品种对雌虫具有不同的引诱作用，其相对引诱率为黑珍珠(40.75%)＞印度红(39.40%)＞大叶(34.76%)＞泰国红钻石(23.02%)＞巴掌(15.54%)；黑珍珠果不同发育阶段的挥发物质对雌虫的引诱作用随着果实成熟逐渐增强；橘小实蝇的产卵选择性结果[黑珍珠(517.0头)＞大叶(433.0头)＞印度红(357.0头)＞泰国红钻石(305.7头)＞巴掌(200.0头)]与嗅觉反应结果基本一致.各品种的挥发物主要成分及相对含量分别是黑珍珠(12种，80.27%)；印度红(6种，23.56%)；大叶(6种，69.90%)；泰国红钻石(11种，96.97%)；巴掌(9种，95.1%)，表明品种间挥发物成分差异很大.乙酸异丁酯、癸醛、β-石竹烯、莰酮4种化合物对橘小实蝇雌虫有明显的引诱作用，γ-萜品烯、α-法尼烯和邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯3种化合物仅对性成熟的雌虫有明显的引诱作用；这些化合物中乙酸异丁酯、γ-萜品烯和莰酮对雄虫亦有引诱作用.同一种化合物，对性成熟
Abstract:ObjectiveTo study the attractions of volatiles from Syzyzgium samarangense (Blume) fruit to Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel).
MethodThe ripe fruits of five wax-apple varieties (black pearl, Indian red, big leaf, Thailand red diamond, palm) and five different developmental stages of the black pearl fruit were selected as materials. The behavioral responses of the oriental fruit fly to their volatiles were examined with the Y-tube olfactometer, and ovipositional preference of the insect to five wax-apple varieties were conducted. The volatile components from the ripe fruit of five wax-apple varieties were analyzed with the method of solid phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technology. Based on the change of volatile components of different developmental stages of black pearl and combined with the volatile components of five varieties, lure experiments of B. dorsalis to 9 types of synthetic monomer compounds were performed.
Result and conclusionFive wax-apple varieties and different developmental stages of the black pearl fruit had no attraction to males (P > 0.05). Different varieties had different degrees of attractions to females: black pearl (40.75%) > Indian red (39.40%) > big leaf (34.76%) > Thailand red diamond (23.02%) > palm (15.54%). Attractions of different developmental stages of the black pearl fruit to mature females increased gradually with the maturity. The results of ovipositional preference [black pearl (517.0), Indian red (433.0), big leaf (357.0), Thailand red diamond (305.7), palm (200.0)] were basically the same as olfactory responses. Main components and relative contents of volatiles were black pearl (12, 80.27%), Indian red (6, 23.56%), big leaf (6, 69.90%), Thailand red diamond (11, 96.97%) and palm (9, 95.1%), which indicated that their volatile components had great differences. Isobutyl acetate, decanal, β-caryophyllene and camphor had significant attractions to females. γ-terpinene, α-farnesene and 1, 2-benzenedicarboxylic acid bis(2-methylpropyl) ester had obvious attractions to the mature females. Isobutyl acetate, γ-terpinene and camphor had attractions to males. As for the same compound, the attraction to the mature adults was stronger than that to the immature adults, while the attraction to females was considerably greater than that to males, with the attraction to the mature females being the strongest.
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Keywords:
- wax-apple /
- oriental fruit fly /
- attraction /
- behavioral response /
- volatilea
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图 1 橘小实蝇在5个莲雾品种上的产卵情况
图柱中凡具有一个相同小写字母者表示差异不显著（P＞0. 05，Duncan's法）
Figure 1. Quantity of the oriental fruit fly laying eggs in 5 wax-apple varieties
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图 2 5个莲雾品种的挥发物质种类的含量变化
Figure 2. Content variations of volatiles from five wax-apple varieties
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图 3 9种合成莲雾挥发物对橘小实蝇的室内引诱作用
图柱中凡具有*表示与对照相比差异显著（P＜0. 05，Duncan's法）
Figure 3. Attractions of the 9 types of synthetic wax-apple compounds to adults of the oriental fruit fly in the laboratory
表 2 5种莲雾品种成熟果挥发物主要成分及相对含量1)
Table 2 Main components and relative contents of volatiles from ripe fruits in five varieties of wax-apple varieties
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