Abstract: The karyotypes of Anguilla anguilla and Anguilla japonica have been determined form thekidney cell by the method of PHA pericardial cavity injection in vivo. The chromosmes were studied bythe combination of scanning electronic microscopy(SEM). The results showed that the diploid chromo-some numbers of Anguilla anguilla and Anguilla japonica are the same of 38(2n = 38), the metacentric,submtacentric and telcenteic chromosomes of Anguilla anguilla are 6, 3, 10 pairs and Anguilla japonica5,5,9 pairs respectively. The total chromosomes arm count of Anguilla anguilla and Anguilla japonicaare 56, 58 respectively, There is a satellite in t3 chromosome of Anguille anguilla. The comparison ofkaryotypes of Anguilla anguilla and Anguilla japonica can provide the basis for classifying them andstudy the relationship of their systematic evolution.