水生生态系统中高氯酸盐与铬复合污染的生态毒理效应模拟

李婉文; 杜宁宁; 周娟娟; 秦俊豪; 黎华寿; 陈桂葵

doi:10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.202211040

水生生态系统中高氯酸盐与铬复合污染的生态毒理效应模拟

Simulation of ecotoxicological effects of perchlorate and hexavalent chromium combined pollution in the aquatic ecosystem

摘要

摘要:
目的探究ClO₄⁻和Cr⁶⁺在复合污染条件下对水生生态系统的生态毒理效应。
方法构建水生生态系统，分别放入生长状况一致的水葫芦Eichhornia crassipes、隆线溞Daphnia carinata和福寿螺Pomacea canaliculata，使其暴露于不同质量浓度ClO₄⁻和Cr⁶⁺及其复合污染的水体中，研究ClO₄⁻和Cr⁶⁺在单一和复合条件下对水葫芦、隆线溞和福寿螺的生态毒理效应。
结果随着暴露时间增加，隆线溞的种群增长呈先上升后下降的趋势。0.02 mg·L⁻¹ 的Cr⁶⁺可促进隆线溞生长，200 mg·L⁻¹的ClO₄⁻和0.20 mg·L⁻¹的Cr⁶⁺及复合污染处理均对隆线溞生长起抑制作用。0.02 mg·L⁻¹的Cr⁶⁺对福寿螺的生长无明显影响，但单一的ClO₄⁻ (20和200 mg·L⁻¹)和0.20 mg·L⁻¹的Cr⁶⁺及复合污染处理均对福寿螺的生长具有明显的抑制作用。随着水中污染物质量浓度的增加，水葫芦各器官中的ClO₄⁻和Cr⁶⁺含量相应增加；相同浓度水平下，水葫芦各器官中ClO₄⁻的含量高低顺序为：叶 > 茎 > 根，Cr⁶⁺含量的顺序为：根 > 茎 > 叶。与水葫芦相比，隆线溞和福寿螺体内的ClO₄⁻含量较低。
结论 ClO₄⁻与Cr⁶⁺的单一和复合污染均对水生生态系统中的生物造成了毒害作用。水葫芦对ClO₄⁻和Cr⁶⁺均有较强的吸收能力，富集ClO₄⁻的主要器官是叶片、富集Cr⁶⁺的主要器官是根部，隆线溞和福寿螺对ClO₄⁻也有一定的吸收，但吸收能力弱于水葫芦。

Abstract:
Objective To investigate the ecotoxicological effects of ClO₄⁻ and Cr⁶⁺on the aquatic ecosystem under combined pollution conditions.
Method The aquatic ecosystem was constructed, Eichhornia crassipes, Daphnia carinata and Pomacea canaliculata with the same growth conditions were added, respectively, and exposed to water with different concentrations of ClO₄⁻ and Cr⁶⁺ and their combined pollution. The ecotoxicological effects of ClO₄⁻ and Cr⁶⁺ on E. crassipes, D. carinata and P. canaliculata under single and compound conditions were studied.
Result With the increase of exposure time, the population of D. carinata increased first and then decreased. The 0.02 mg·L⁻¹ Cr⁶⁺ promoted the growth of D. carinata, while 200 mg·L⁻¹ ClO₄⁻, 0.20 mg·L⁻¹ Cr⁶⁺ and their combined pollution inhibited the growth of D. carinata. The 0.02 mg·L⁻¹ Cr⁶⁺ had little effect on the growth of P. canaliculata; Howerver, single ClO₄⁻ (20 and 200 mg·L⁻¹) and 0.20 mg·L⁻¹ Cr⁶⁺ as well as their combined pollution treatment groups had significant inhibitory effects. The contents of ClO₄⁻ and Cr⁶⁺ in each organ of E. crassipes increased with the increase of pollutant concentration in water. Under the same concentration of pollutant, the order of ClO₄⁻ content in all organs was leaf > stem > root, the order of Cr⁶⁺ content was root > stem > leaf. The contents of ClO₄⁻ in D. carinata and P. canaliculata were lower than that in E. crassipes.
Conclusion Both single and combined pollution of ClO₄⁻ and Cr⁶⁺ cause toxic effects on organisms in aquatic ecosystems. E. crassipes has strong absorption ability to ClO₄⁻ and Cr⁶⁺, with ClO₄⁻ mainly concentrated in leaf, and Cr⁶⁺ in root. The absorbing abilities of D. carinata and P. canaliculata to ClO₄⁻ were weaker than that of E. crassipes.

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