Abstract: Membraneless organelles are cellular compartments that lack a separating membrane. Membraneless organelles play critical roles in multiple biological processes, including gene transcription, RNA metabolism, translation, protein modification, signal transduction, and so on. When the cells are stimulated, they initiate a series of stress responses to maintain homeostasis. Membraneless organelles formed by liquid-liquid phase separation have liquid-like properties, can rapidly respond to stress and play an important role in cellular stress responses. In this paper, we chose stress granules, P-bodies, nucleolus and Cajal bodies as representatives of membraneless organelles, and summarized the relationships between membraneless organelles and stress responses, and its links of membraneless organelles to disease.