Abstract: Intelligent identification technology is the key technology for the transformation of aquaculture from crude to intensive. Intelligent recognition in aquaculture is to realize the monitoring of underwater organisms and environment by researching and using machine vision and machine learning technology, and to judge, analyze and predict the problems arising in production management for the purpose of automated aquaculture. This review analyzed the research and development status of intelligent recognition technology in aquaculture from four aspects of species recognition and classification, age recognition, sex recognition and behavior recognition of organisms, described the main intelligent recognition technologies and principles used in aquaculture, and provided an outlook on the future development of intelligent recognition technology in aquaculture, with a view to providing references and new ideas for the modernization and intelligent development of Chinese fisheries industry.