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棉花播种质量实时监测系统设计与试验

张学军, 张海涛, 史增录, 靳伟, 于永良, 陈勇

张学军, 张海涛, 史增录, 等. 棉花播种质量实时监测系统设计与试验[J]. 华南农业大学学报, 2023, 44(2): 304-313. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.202201004
引用本文: 张学军, 张海涛, 史增录, 等. 棉花播种质量实时监测系统设计与试验[J]. 华南农业大学学报, 2023, 44(2): 304-313. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.202201004
ZHANG Xuejun, ZHANG Haitao, SHI Zenglu, et al. Design and experiment of real-time monitoring system for cotton sowing quality[J]. Journal of South China Agricultural University, 2023, 44(2): 304-313. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.202201004
Citation: ZHANG Xuejun, ZHANG Haitao, SHI Zenglu, et al. Design and experiment of real-time monitoring system for cotton sowing quality[J]. Journal of South China Agricultural University, 2023, 44(2): 304-313. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.202201004

棉花播种质量实时监测系统设计与试验

基金项目: 自治区区域协同创新专项“科技援疆计划”(2021E02055)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    张学军,教授,博士,主要从事农业机械化装备研究,E-mail: tuec@163.com

    通讯作者:

    史增录,高级实验师,主要从事农业工程技术与装备研究,E-mail: shizlfd@qq.com

  • 中图分类号: S223.25

Design and experiment of real-time monitoring system for cotton sowing quality

  • 摘要:
    目的 

    针对新疆地区使用的棉花穴播机作业过程中,驾驶员无法及时发现穴播器漏播、重播的问题,设计了一套棉花播种质量实时监测系统。

    方法 

    该监测系统以STM32F103C8T6微控制器硬件系统为下位机,通过安装在穴播器存种圈上的对射式光电传感器和光电编码器分别获取棉花种子漏播、重播信息,判断棉花播种状况,并通过nRF24L01模块将播种信息传输至DWIN触摸屏上位机人机交互界面实时显示。搭建棉花播种质量监测系统试验台,通过田间试验验证监测系统的准确性。

    结果 

    台架试验结果表明:当穴播器转速为30 r/min时,系统的合格播种、漏播和重播监测精度最高,分别为96.65%、94.59%和92.00%。当穴播器转速高于30 r/min时,监测精度明显下降。田间试验验证结果表明:系统对合格播种、漏播和重播平均监测精度分别为94.51%、92.38%和86.55%。利用SPSS软件对田间试验数据进行分析,结果显示试验数据具有统计意义,采用监测系统获得的棉花播种质量数据与人工实测数据具有较高的相关性,实际值可以由系统监测值反映出来。

    结论 

    该系统满足田间作业对棉花播种质量监测的需求,对实现棉花种植提质增效具有重要意义。

    Abstract:
    Objective 

    There are problems of missed seeding and reseeding during the operation of cotton hole sowing machine used in Xinjiang region, which the driver could not find in time. A real-time monitoring system for cotton sowing quality was designed to solve these problems.

    Method 

    The monitoring system uses the STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller hardware system as the lower computer, obtains the information of missed seeding and reseeding of cotton seeds through the counter-light photoelectric sensor and photoelectric encoder installed on the seed storage ring of the hole sower, and determines the quality of cotton sowing. The cotton sowing information is transmitted to the human-machine interface of the DWIN touch screen through the nRF24L01 module for real-time display. A test bed of cotton sowing quality monitoring system was built to verify the accuracy of the monitoring system through field tests.

    Result 

    The results of the bench test showed that the system had the highest monitoring accuracies of 96.65%, 94.59% and 92.00% respectively for qualified seeding, missed seeding and reseeding when the speed of the hole sower was 30 r/min. When the speed of the hole sower was higher than 30 r/min, the monitoring accuracy decreased obviously. The results of field trial validation showed that the average monitoring accuracies of the system were 94.51%, 92.38% and 86.55% respectively for qualified seeding, missed seeding and reseeding. The analysis of the field trial data using SPSS software concluded that the trial data were statistically significant, and the cotton sowing quality data obtained by the monitoring system had a high correlation with the manually measured data, and the actual values could be reflected by the system monitoring values.

    Conclusion 

    The system meets the demand for monitoring the quality of cotton sowing in field operation, and is of great significance for realizing the improvement of quality and efficiency of cotton planting.

  • 图  1   齿盘式穴播器结构

    1:进种管; 2:外定盘; 3:压盘; 4:取种盘; 5:存种圈; 6:鸭嘴及腰带总成; 7:动盘

    Figure  1.   Sprocket hole sower structure

    1: Seed inlet tube; 2: Outer fixing plate; 3: Pressing plate; 4: Seed extraction plate; 5: Seed storage ring; 6: Duck beak and belt assembly; 7: Moving plate

    图  2   齿盘式穴播器工作原理图

    Figure  2.   Working principle diagram of the sprocket hole sower

    图  3   第1、第2次投种过程示意图

    1:棉种; 2:分种腔; 3:鸭嘴

    Figure  3.   Diagrams of the first and second seeding processes

    1: Cotton seed; 2: Seed splitting chamber; 3: Duckbill

    图  4   监测系统结构组成

    Figure  4.   Structure diagram of monitoring system

    图  5   漏播脉冲信号示意图

    Figure  5.   Schematic diagram of the pulse signal for missed seeding

    图  6   重播脉冲信号示意图

    Figure  6.   Schematic diagram of reseeding pulse signal

    图  7   监测系统总电路图

    Figure  7.   General circuit diagram of the monitoring system

    图  8   传感器安装位置

    1:红外发光二极管;2:外侧环形挡圈;3:取种盘;4:红外光敏二极管;5:内侧挡板

    Figure  8.   Sensor installation location diagram

    1: Infrared light-emitting diode; 2: Outer ring baffle; 3: Seed taking disc; 4: Infrared light-sensitive diode; 5: Inner baffle

    图  9   信号调理电路原理图

    Figure  9.   Schematic diagram of signal conditioning circuit

    图  10   监测系统程序流程图

    Figure  10.   Flow chart of monitoring system program

    图  11   穴播器播量监测试验装置

    1:播种试验台; 2:齿盘式穴播器;3:种箱;4:信号处理模块; 5:STM32控制器; 6:人机交互显示屏

    Figure  11.   Seeding quantity monitoring test device for hole sower

    1: Sowing test stand; 2: Tine disc hole sower; 3: Seed box; 4: Signal processing module; 5: STM32 controller; 6: Human-machine interaction display

    图  12   漏播(a)和重播(b)的实际穴数与监测穴数线性拟合曲线

    Figure  12.   Linear fitting curve of actual and monitored hole number of missed seeding (a) and reseeding (b)

    表  1   监测系统精度试验结果

    Table  1   Monitoring system accuracy test results

    穴播器转速/ (r·min−1) Rotary speed of hole sower 应播穴数 No. of sowable holes 合格播种 Qualified seeding 漏播 Missed seeding 重播 Reseeding
    实际穴数 Actual No. of holes 监测穴数 No. of monitored holes 监测精度/% Monitoring accuracy 实际穴数 Actual No. of holes 监测穴数 No. of monitored holes 监测精度/% Monitoring accuracy 实际穴数 Actual No. of holes 监测穴数 No. of monitored holes 监测精度/% Monitoring accuracy
    30 600 538 520 96.65 37 35 94.59 25 23 92.00
    35 600 539 519 96.29 37 35 94.59 24 22 91.67
    40 600 538 517 96.09 38 35 92.11 24 22 91.67
    45 600 538 516 95.91 39 36 92.30 23 21 91.30
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2   棉花播种田间试验结果

    Table  2   Field test results of cotton sowing

    穴播器编号 Hole sower number 应播穴数 No. of sowable holes 合格播种 Qualified seeding 漏播 Missed seeding 重播 Reseeding
    实际穴数 Actual No. of holes 监测穴数 No. of monitored holes 监测精度/% Monitoring accuracy 实际穴数 Actual No. of holes 监测穴数 No. of monitored holes 监测精度/% Monitoring accuracy 实际穴数 Actual No. of holes 监测穴数 No. of monitored holes 监测精度/% Monitoring accuracy
    1 1000 980 931 95.00 12 11 91.67 8 7 87.50
    2 1000 978 927 94.79 15 14 93.33 7 6 85.71
    3 1000 975 925 94.87 17 15 88.24 8 7 87.50
    4 1000 977 924 94.58 17 15 88.24 6 5 83.33
    5 1000 975 923 94.67 16 15 93.75 9 8 88.89
    6 1000 976 922 94.47 14 13 92.86 10 9 90.00
    7 1000 981 931 94.90 13 12 92.31 6 5 83.33
    8 1000 980 925 94.69 14 13 92.86 6 6 100.00
    9 1000 979 920 93.97 15 15 100.00 6 5 83.33
    10 1000 977 920 94.17 16 15 93.75 7 6 85.71
    11 1000 978 919 93.97 17 15 88.24 5 4 80.00
    12 1000 979 921 94.08 15 14 93.33 6 5 83.33
    $\bar x $ 1000 978 924 94.51 15.08 13.90 92.38 7 6.08 86.55
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3   指标监测值和实际值单因素线性回归分析结果

    Table  3   Results of univariate linear regression analysis of monitored and actual values of indicators

    指标 Indicator 模型 Model 相关系数(r) Correlation coefficient 拟合优度(r2) Goodness of fit 调整r2Ajusted r2 标准估计误差 Standard estimation error
    漏播穴数 No. of missed holes 1 0.94 0.88 0.87 0.59
    重播穴数 No. of reseeded holes 1 0.98 0.96 0.96 0.30
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4   指标监测值和实际值方差分析结果

    Table  4   Results of trial ANOVA of monitored and actual values of indicators

    指标 Indicator 模型 Model 自由度 DF 平方和 SS 均方 MS F P
    漏播穴数 No. of missed holes 回归 Return 1 25.47 25.47 74.01 0.00
    残差 Residual 10 3.44 0.34
    总计 Total 11 28.91
    重播穴数 No. of reseeded holes 回归 Return 1 23.08 23.08 251.91 0.00
    残差 Residual 10 0.92 0.09
    总计 Total 11 24.00
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5   指标监测值和实际值系数

    Table  5   Indicator monitoring value and actual value coefficient

    指标 Indicator 模型 Model 非标准化系数 Non-standardized coefficient 标准化系数 Standardization coefficient t P
    系数B Coefficient B 标准误差 Standard error
    漏播穴数 No. of missed holes 常量 Constant −0.28 1.79 0.94 −0.15 0.21
    实际值 Actual value 1.10 0.13 8.60 0.00
    重播穴数 No. of reseeded holes 常量 Constant 0.90 0.39 0.98 2.27 0.04
    实际值 Actual value 1.00 0.06 15.87 0.00
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2022-01-03
  • 网络出版日期:  2023-05-17
  • 刊出日期:  2023-03-09

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