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    曾山, 文智强, 刘伟健, 等. 气吸式小粒蔬菜种子精量穴播排种器优化设计与试验[J]. 华南农业大学学报, 2021, 42(6): 52-59. doi: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.202108017
    引用本文: 曾山, 文智强, 刘伟健, 等. 气吸式小粒蔬菜种子精量穴播排种器优化设计与试验[J]. 华南农业大学学报, 2021, 42(6): 52-59. doi: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.202108017
    shu
    ZENG Shan, WEN Zhiqiang, LIU Weijian, et al. Optimal design and experiment of air-suction precision hole sowing seed metering device for small-grain vegetable seed[J]. Journal of South China Agricultural University, 2021, 42(6): 52-59. doi: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.202108017
    Citation: ZENG Shan, WEN Zhiqiang, LIU Weijian, et al. Optimal design and experiment of air-suction precision hole sowing seed metering device for small-grain vegetable seed[J]. Journal of South China Agricultural University, 2021, 42(6): 52-59. doi: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.202108017
    shu

    气吸式小粒蔬菜种子精量穴播排种器优化设计与试验

    Optimal design and experiment of air-suction precision hole sowing seed metering device for small-grain vegetable seed

      摘要
    • 摘要:
      目的  小粒种子具有尺寸小、质量轻、形状不规则的特征，采用传统排种器作业时常发生吸种孔堵塞、种子损伤、播种均匀性差的问题；因此本研究在种子丸粒化技术的基础上设计了一种气吸式小粒种精量穴播排种器。
      方法  通过测量种子的尺寸大小和摩擦角等相关参数，采用Rocky离散元仿真软件对进种过程进行仿真模拟。为获得该排种器的最佳性能因素组合，进行了二次回归旋转正交试验，应用多目标优化方法对排种器性能影响因素进行优化。
      结果  通过回归系数的检验得知，影响排种器单粒率与空穴率的因素主次顺序为气压、排种器转速。当转速一定时，随着负压的增加，单粒率随之增加，空穴率随之降低，当负压一定时，随着转速的增加，单粒率随之降低，空穴率随之增加，当负压大于−2 800 Pa时，转速在5~30 r/min的范围内对排种器单粒率和空穴率影响不明显，且此时单粒率均在90%以上、空穴率均在10%以下。
      结论  通过优化求解，最优工作参数组合为转速15 r/min、负压−2 300 Pa、正压500 Pa。经试验验证，在此条件下该排种器的性能指标为单粒率合格指数平均值96%、漏播指数平均值3.37%、重播指数平均值0.267%，符合国家标准要求。

       

      Abstract:
      Objective  The small-grain seed has the characteristics of small size, light weight and irregular shape. The problems of blockage of seed suction hole, seed damage and poor seeding uniformity often occur in the operation of traditional seed metering device. Therefore, on the basis of seed pelleting technology, an air-suction precision hole sowing seed metering device for small seeds was designed.
      Method  The seeding process was simulated by Rocky discrete element simulation software by measuring relevant parameters such as seed size and friction angle. In order to obtain the best performance factor combination of the seed metering device, the quadratic regression rotation orthogonal experiment was carried out, and a multi-objective optimization method was used to optimize the factors affecting the performance of seed metering device.
      Result  Through the test of regression coefficients, the primary and secondary order of the factors affecting single grain rate and leak seeding rate of the seed metering device was air pressure and rotation speed of seed metering device. When the rotation speed was constant, with the increase of the negative pressure, the single grain rate increased, and the leak seeding rate decreased; When the negative pressure was constant, with the increase of the rotation speed, the single grain rate decreased, and the leak seeding rate increased. When the negative pressure was greater than −2 800 Pa, the rotation speed of 5−30 r/min had less obvious influence on single grain rate and leak seeding rate of the seed metering device, and the single grain rate was all above 90%, the leak seeding rate was all below 10%.
      Conclusion  Through optimization, the optimal working parameter combination is the rotation speed of 15 r/min, the negative pressure of −2 300 Pa, and the positive pressure of 500 Pa. The performance indicators of the seed metering device under these conditions are as following: The average single grain rate qualified index is 96%, the average leak seeding index is 3.37%, and the average replay seeding index is 0.267%, which conforms to the national standard requirements.

       

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