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秸秆堆沤还田对坡耕地径流、泥沙与磷素流失的影响

吴杉, 王克勤, 宋娅丽, 温昌焘, 裴益乐, 代立

吴杉, 王克勤, 宋娅丽, 等. 秸秆堆沤还田对坡耕地径流、泥沙与磷素流失的影响[J]. 华南农业大学学报, 2022, 43(4): 29-37. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.202107028
引用本文: 吴杉, 王克勤, 宋娅丽, 等. 秸秆堆沤还田对坡耕地径流、泥沙与磷素流失的影响[J]. 华南农业大学学报, 2022, 43(4): 29-37. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.202107028
WU Shan, WANG Keqin, SONG Yali, et al. Effects of straw compost retting on runoff, sediment and phosphorus loss from sloping farmland[J]. Journal of South China Agricultural University, 2022, 43(4): 29-37. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.202107028
Citation: WU Shan, WANG Keqin, SONG Yali, et al. Effects of straw compost retting on runoff, sediment and phosphorus loss from sloping farmland[J]. Journal of South China Agricultural University, 2022, 43(4): 29-37. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.202107028

秸秆堆沤还田对坡耕地径流、泥沙与磷素流失的影响

基金项目: 云南省科技计划重点研发项目(2018BB018);云南省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202010677047);云南省水土保持监测站网玉溪二龙潭小流域水土保持监测站点项目(09963-632166)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    吴杉,硕士研究生,主要从事生态恢复研究,E-mail: ws29080@163.com

    通讯作者:

    宋娅丽,副教授,博士,主要从事流域水土流失规律及治理研究,E-mail: songyali19851205@sina.com

  • 中图分类号: S157.1

Effects of straw compost retting on runoff, sediment and phosphorus loss from sloping farmland

  • 摘要:
    目的 

    寻求不同堆沤方式和秸秆还田密度结合下较为有效的径流泥沙与磷素减排农艺措施。

    方法 

    在自然降水条件下,研究不同秸秆还田密度(0.75、1.5 kg·m−2)、不同秸秆粉碎粒度(1、5 cm)、加水或尿素堆沤对滇中二龙潭小流域烟草坡耕地产流产沙量及磷素流失量的影响。

    结果 

    1.5 kg·m−2秸秆密度、5 cm秸秆粒度、加水堆沤均可有效降低烟草坡耕地产流产沙量,降低幅度分别为18.59%~38.60%、12.50%~38.60%、10.06%~38.60%;0.75 kg·m−2秸秆密度、5 cm秸秆粒度、加水堆沤较1.5 kg·m−2秸秆密度、1 cm秸秆粒度、加水与尿素堆沤的处理,径流泥沙总磷与径流PO4-P浓度分别降低2.82%~66.67%、0.38%~57.53%和1.97%~64.73%;径流中PO4-P占总磷浓度的35.30%~77.59%;0.75 kg·m−2秸秆密度、5 cm秸秆粒度及加水堆沤可有效减少坡耕地磷素流失风险,径流和泥沙总磷流失量分别最高降低63.64%和64.74%、63.89%和57.87%、63.89%和64.74%。

    结论 

    采用0.75 kg·m−2秸秆密度、5 cm秸秆粒度以及加水堆沤处理还田可控制滇中地区磷素流失,降低坡耕地径流泥沙及磷素流失风险。

    Abstract:
    Objective 

    To seek more effective agronomic measures to reduce runoff, sediment and phosphorus loss emissions under the combination of different stacking methods and straw returning densities.

    Method 

    Under the conditions of natural rainfall, different straw returning densities (0.75, 1.5 kg·m−2), different straw crushing particle sizes (1, 5 cm), adding water or urea were designed to study the effects on runoff and sediment amount, and phosphorus loss of slope farmland in the middle of Yunnan.

    Result 

    The straw density of 1.5 kg·m−2, straw particle size of 5 cm, and water retting could effectively reduce the runoff and sediment yield of tobacco slope farmland by 18.59%–38.60%, 12.50%–38.60%, 10.6%–38.60%. Compared with the treatments of 1.5 kg·m−2 straw density, 1 cm straw particle size, and water and urea retting, 0.75 kg·m−2 straw density, 5 cm straw particle size, and water-added could decrease runoff and sediment total phosphorus and runoff PO4-P concentration by 2.82%–66.67%, 0.38%–57.53% and 1.97%–64.73% respectively. The ratio of PO4-P in runoff was 35.30%–77.59% of the total phosphorus concentration. Straw density of 0.75 kg·m−2, straw particle size of 5 cm, and water retting could effectively reduce the risk of phosphorus loss in tobacco sloping farmland in Erlongtan small watershed. The total phosphorus loss in runoff and sediment respectively highestly reduced 63.64% and 64.74%, 63.89% and 57.87%, 63.89% and 64.74%.

    Conclusion 

    The use of 0.75 kg·m−2 straw density, 5 cm straw particle size and water retting treatment can control phosphorus loss in central Yunnan watershed and reduce the risk of runoff, sediment and phosphorus loss on slope farmland.

  • 图  1   4场降水中不同处理产流、产沙特征

    各小图中柱子上不同的小写字母表示同一降水不同处理之间差异显著,不同的大写字母表示同一处理不同降水之间差异显著(P<0.05,LSD法)

    Figure  1.   Runoff and sediment characteristics under four rainfalls in different treatments

    Different lowercase letters on the columns in each figure indicate significant differences among different treatments under the same rainfall, different capital letters indicate significant differences among different rainfalls under the same treatment (P<0.05, LSD method)

    图  2   4场降水中不同处理对径流总磷、PO4-P流失量及其比值与泥沙总磷流失量的影响

    各小图中柱子上不同的小写字母表示同一降水不同处理之间差异显著,不同的大写字母表示同一处理不同降水之间差异显著(P<0.05,LSD法)

    Figure  2.   Effect of different treatments on the loss of total phosphorus、PO4-P and loss ratio of PO4-P to total phosphorus in runoff and total phosphorus loss in sediment under four rainfours

    Different lowercase letters on the columns in each figure indicate significant differences among different treatments under the same rainfall, different capital letters indicate significant differences among different rainfalls under the same treatment (P<0.05, LSD method)

    图  3   4场降水中不同处理对坡耕地径流和泥沙总磷流失量的影响

    Figure  3.   Effect of different treatments on total phosphorus loss in runoff and sediment of sloping farmland under four rainfours

    表  1   肥料施用情况

    Table  1   Fertilizer details

    种类 Species N∶P∶K1) 施用量/(kg·hm−2) Fertilization dosage
    总量 Total N P
    底肥 Base fertilizer 12∶6∶24 247.5 29.7 14.85
    提苗肥 Seedling fertilizer 28∶0∶5 45.0 12.6 0
    追肥 Additional fertilizer 12∶6∶24 772.5 92.7 46.35
    1)复合肥中的氮磷钾质量比
    1)The mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in compound fertilizer
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2   各样方处理方式及施肥量

    Table  2   Treatment and fertilization dosage of different plots

    处理
    Treatment
    施肥量/(g·m−2)
    Fertilization dosage
    秸秆还田量/(g·m−2)
    Straw-returned amount
    秸秆粉碎
    程度/cm
    Degree of
    straw crushing
    秸秆堆沤添加
    尿素量/(g·m−2)
    Straw compost urea
    addition amount
    基肥
    Base fertilizer
    提苗肥
    Seedling fertilizer
    追肥
    Additional fertilizer
    折合磷
    Pure phosphorus
    还田量
    Straw-returned amount
    折合磷
    Pure phosphorus
    施用量
    Fertilization dosage
    折合磷
    Pure phosphorus
    T1 70 13 214 17.04 0 0 0 0 0
    T2 70 13 214 17.04 750 2.025 5 0 0
    T3 70 13 214 17.04 750 2.025 5 3.75 0.01
    T4 70 13 214 17.04 750 2.025 1 0 0
    T5 70 13 214 17.04 750 2.025 1 3.75 0.01
    T6 70 13 214 17.04 1500 4.050 5 0 0
    T7 70 13 214 17.04 1500 4.050 5 3.75 0.01
    T8 70 13 214 17.04 1500 4.050 1 0 0
    T9 70 13 214 17.04 1500 4.050 1 3.75 0.01
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2021-07-15
  • 网络出版日期:  2023-05-17
  • 刊出日期:  2022-07-09

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