The relationships of Carterocephalus alcina Evans, 1939 and relatives (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Heteropterinae)
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摘要:目的
探讨醒斑银弄蝶Carterocephalus alcina Evans, 1939与其近似种的关系。
方法广泛采集醒斑银弄蝶及其近似种样本,基于形态特征、COI条形码及地理分布进行关系分析。
结果黄斑银弄蝶C. alcinoides Lee, 1962应是醒斑银弄蝶C. alcina的个体变异,故为其新异名;产自北京的2个银弄蝶标本与其近似种间的最小平均遗传距离为3.9%,在系统树上独立成支,前翅中室基部和后翅前缘中部有斑且后翅M1-2室斑延伸至外缘,为其独有;醒斑银弄蝶、北京支系、银弄蝶C. palaemon和黄翅银弄蝶C. silvicola呈高度支持的单系支。
结论黄斑银弄蝶是醒斑银弄蝶的新异名;产自北京的近似于醒斑银弄蝶的种群是一个新种,即长斑银弄蝶Carterocephalus longimaculatus Hou, Fan & Li sp. nov.。
Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the relationships of Carterocephalus alcina Evans, 1939 and its relatives.
MethodThe relationships of C. alcina and its relatives were analyzed based on morphological characters, COI barcodes and geographical distribution using an extensive sample collection.
ResultC. alcinoides Lee, 1962 is only an individual variation of C. alcina, and therefore it is a new synonym of C. alcina. The minimum mean genetic distance between the two samples from Beijing and relatives is 3.9%, and they form a distinct clade in the phylogenetic tree. They are characterized by the presence of spots at the base of the discoidal cell of the forewing upperside and in the middle of the leading edge of the hindwing as well as the spot of M1-2 cells extending to the submarginal zone on the hindwing upperside. C. alcina, the clade composed of two samples from Beijing, C. palaemon and C. silvicola are recovered as a strongly supported monophyletic clade.
ConclusionC. alcinoides is a new junior synonym of C. alcina. The population which has been known as C. alcina from Beijing is actually a new species, C. longimaculatus Hou, Fan & Li sp. nov..
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Keywords:
- Carterocephalus /
- new synonym /
- new species /
- morphology /
- COI barcode /
- phylogeny
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图 1 基于COI条形码以最大似然法构建的银弄蝶属的系统发育树
节点处“/”前后数值分别表示最大似然法的自展值和贝叶斯分析法后验概率
Figure 1. Phylogenetic tree of Carterocephalus based on COI barcodes using Maximum likelihood analysis
The values before and after“/” at nodes represent the bootstrap support values (BS) of Maximum likelihood analysis and the posterior probabilities (PP) of Bayesian inference, respectively
图 2 2种银弄蝶成虫
A:长斑银弄蝶(SCAU He2217);B:长斑银弄蝶(SCAU He2202); C:醒斑银弄蝶(模式);D:黄斑银弄蝶(模式);E~N:醒斑银弄蝶(SCAU He2210、SCAU He2203、SCAU He2209、SCAU He2229、SCAU He2228、SCAU He2218、SCAU He2206、SCAU He2213、SCAU He2208、SCAU He2219);A~E:1、2分别表示正、反面,3为标签;F~N左右分别表示正、反面
Figure 2. Adults of two Carterocephalus species
A: Carterocephalus longimaculatus sp.nov. (SCAU He2217); B: C. longimaculatus sp.nov. (SCAU He2202) C: C. alcina (Model); D: C. alcinoides (Model); E−N: C. alcina (SCAU He2210, SCAU He2203, SCAU He2209, SCAU He2229, SCAU He2228, SCAU He2218, SCAU He2206, SCAU He2213, SCAU He2208, SCAU He2219); A−E: 1, upperside; 2, underside; 3, lable; F-N: left, upperside; right, underside
图 3 2种银弄蝶的外生殖器
A:长斑银弄蝶(SCAU He2217);B:长斑银弄蝶(SCAU He2202);C:醒斑银弄蝶(SCAU He2203);D:醒斑银弄蝶(SCAU He2213);E:醒斑银弄蝶(SCAU He2212);F:醒斑银弄蝶(SCAU He2219);a:基腹弧侧面观;b:阳茎侧面观;c:背兜与钩形突背面观;d:抱器瓣内侧观;e1:阳基轭片背面观;e2:阳基轭片侧面观
Figure 3. Genitalia of two Carterocephalusspecies
A: Carterocephalus longimaculatus sp. nov. (SCAU He2217); B: C. longimaculatus sp. nov. (SCAU He2202); C: C. alcina (SCAU He2203); D: C. alcina (SCAU He2213); E: C. alcina (SCAU He2212); F: C. alcina (SCAU He2219); a: Lateral view of vinculum; b: Lateral view of phallus; c: Dorsal view of tegumen & uncus; d: Inside view of valva; e1: Dorsal view of juxta; e2: Lateral view of juxta
表 1 本研究银弄蝶属Carterocephalus的标本信息1)
Table 1 The specimen information of Carterocephalus in this study
物种名
Species采集地点
Collecting locus采集日期
Collecting date性别
Sexuality标本编号
Specimen ID登录号2)
Accession number醒斑银弄蝶 Carterocephalus alcina 云南昆明西山森林公园 2016-08-07 ♂ SCAU He2228 MW115543 2016-08-07 ♀ SCAU He2229 MW115544 云南腾冲明光乡 2016-07-06 ♂ SCAU He2209 MW115545 2016-07-07 ♂ SCAU He2203 MW115546 云南泸水片马镇 2018-07-16 ♂ SCAU He2204 MW115547 2018-07-16 ♂ SCAU He2211 MW115548 2018-07-16 ♀ SCAU He2212 MW115549 云南楚雄哀牢山 2018-08-23 ♀ SCAU He2205 MW115550 2018-08-23 ♂ SCAU He2210 MW115551 云南保山龙陵县 2017-07 ♂ SCAU He2236 MW115552 云南大理弥渡县 2016-07-27 ♀ SCAU He2227 MW115553 云南丽江玉龙县 2019-05-02 ♀ SCAU He2206 MW115554 云南昆明寻甸县 2013-04-09 ♂ SCAU He2234 MW115555 云南曲靖竹园镇 2016-07-04 ♂ SCAU He2207 MW115556 贵州贵阳 2006-06-15 ♂ SCAU He2235 MW115557 越南河江 2016-06 ♂ SCAU He2216 MW115558 四川甘孜州雅江县 2018-06-08 ♂ SCAU He2208 MW115559 2019-05-21 ♂ SCAU He2213 MW115560 2019-05-21 ♂ SCAU He2218 MW115561 2019-05-21 ♀ SCAU He2219 MW115562 云南昆明西山森林公园 2018-08-23 — — MN012974* 长斑银弄蝶 C. longimaculatussp. nov. 北京小龙门森林公园 2014-05-25 ♂ SCAU He2202 MW115563 北京灵山 2017-06-03 ♂ SCAU He2217 MW115564 白斑银弄蝶 C. dieckmanni 甘肃甘南州夏河县 2020-06-02 ♂ SCAU He2200 MW115565 基点银弄蝶 C. argyrostigma 甘肃甘南州夏河县 2020-06-02 ♂ SCAU He2201 MW115566 银线银弄蝶 C. patra 云南香格里拉小中甸镇 2019-08-05 ♂ SCAU He2222 MW115567 2019-08-04 ♂ SCAU He2221 MW115568 射线银弄蝶 C. abax 云南香格里拉小中甸镇 2019-08-04 ♂ SCAU He2225 MW115569 2019-08-04 ♀ SCAU He2226 MW115570 银弄蝶 C. palaemon 日本岐阜县高山市 2014-07-30 ♀ SCAU He2231 MW115571 波兰莫克拉 2017-05-18 ♂ SCAU He2232 MW115572 俄罗斯莫斯科 2016-06 ♂ SCAU He2233 MW115573 芬兰海卢奥托 2006-06-11 — — HM871044* 黄翅银弄蝶 C. silvicola 日本上川郡大曲市 2017-07-20 ♂ SCAU He2230 MW115574 挪威艾斯考格 — ♀ — KX049745* 芬兰托尔尼奥 2003-06-30 — — JF853608* 瑞典瑞拉 2012-06-14 ♂ — MN140974* 愈斑银弄蝶 C. houangty 西藏林芝波密县 2017-07-28 ♂ SCAU He1655 MN199393* 前进银弄蝶 C. avanti 西藏日喀则吉隆县 2018-05-16 ♂ SCAU He1654 MN199391* 1)“—”表示无法获得该信息;2)“*”表示此序列从NCBI下载
1)“—”indicates that the information was unavailable; 2)“*” indicates that the sequence was downloaded from NCBI -
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