Effects of new organic fertilizers with botanical pesticide components on rice growth and insecticidal efficiency
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摘要:目的
研究新型植物源有机药肥(烟渣有机药肥和茶皂素有机药肥)在水稻上的肥效以及对水稻害虫的防治效果，促进水稻栽培过程中化肥、农药双减的实现。
方法水稻田间试验设计3个处理：常规施肥(对照)、烟渣有机药肥+80%常规施肥、茶皂素有机药肥+80%常规施肥。测定水稻产量，分析水稻稻谷、秸秆养分吸收以及土壤速效养分含量，并在水稻分蘖期调查有机药肥对稻纵卷叶螟Cnaphalocrocis medinalis和白背飞虱Sogatella furcifera的防治效果。
结果与常规施肥相比，烟渣有机药肥和茶皂素有机药肥的部分替代施用分别提高水稻产量22.29%和18.58%，稻谷N、P和秸秆K吸收量显著提高，水稻收获后的大田土壤速效养分含量无显著差异。植物源有机药肥对稻纵卷叶螟和白背飞虱有明显的防治效果，其中烟渣有机药肥和茶皂素有机药肥对稻纵卷叶螟的防效分别达到81.27%和51.09%，对白背飞虱的虫口减退率分别为55.74%和37.70%。
结论施用新型植物源有机药肥能部分替代化肥并减少化学农药的使用，增加水稻产量，减少虫害，促进农业可持续生产。
Abstract:ObjectiveTo study the effects of new organic fertilizers with botanical pesticide components (tobacco residue organic fertilizer and tea saponin organic fertilizer) on rice growth and pest control efficiency, and promote the double reduction of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in rice cultivation.
MethodThree treatments were designed as following: Conventional fertilization (control), tobacco residue organic fertilizer plus 80% conventional fertilization, tea saponin organic fertilizer plus 80% conventional fertilization. The rice yields were recorded. Nutrient uptake of rice and straw and soil available nutrients content were analyzed after rice harvest. The control effects of new organic fertilizers on rice leaf roller (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) and white-backed planthopper (Sogatella furcifera) were evaluated at rice tillering stage.
ResultCompared with conventional fertilization, the partial substitution application of tobacco residue organic fertilizer and tea saponin organic fertilizer increased rice yield by 22.29% and 18.58% respectively, and the N and P uptake of rice grain and K uptake of straw increased significantly. But there were no significant difference in the soil available nutrient contents after rice harvest. The control efficiencies of tobacco residue organic fertilizer and tea saponin organic fertilizer on rice leaf roller and white-backed planthopper were obvious. The rice leaf roller control effects were 81.27% and 51.09% respectively, and the decline rate of white-backed planthopper were 55.74% and 37.70% respectively.
ConclusionThe application of botanical organic fertilizers with botanical pesticide components can partially replace chemical fertilizers and reduce the application of chemical pesticides, which is important for increasing yield, reducing rice pests, and promoting sustainable agricultural production.
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图 1 不同处理的水稻产量
柱子上方的不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05, Duncan’s法)
Figure 1. Rice yields of different treatments
Different lowercase letters on bars indicate significant differences(P<0.05, Duncan’s method)
表 1 供试有机药肥基本成分
Table 1 Basic composition of tested organic fertilizers
w/% 有机药肥种类 Type of organic fertilizer 有机质 Organic matter N P2O5 K2O 烟渣有机药肥 Tobacco residue organic fertilizer 54.18 1.84 1.64 9.79 茶皂素有机药肥 Tea saponin organic fertilizer 45.83 1.32 1.03 0.76 
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表 2 不同处理的水稻养分吸收量1)
Table 2 Nutrient uptake of rice in different treatments
kg·hm−2 处理
Treatment稻谷 Rice grain 秸秆 Straw N P K N P K 对照 Control 75.65±12.2b 17.47±1.59b 18.07±2.66b 31.87±13.57a 4.68±1.75a 78.23±10.92b 烟渣有机药肥
Tobacco residue organic fertilizer94.83±6.73a 23.43±2.26a 23.33±2.33a 49.80±2.64a 7.88±2.43a 97.30±1.75a 茶皂素有机药肥
Tea saponin organic fertilizer93.81±2.38a 21.39±0.96a 20.66±0.13ab 44.42±7.87a 7.33±1.00a 96.45±5.35a 1) 表中数据为平均值±标准误,n=3；同列数据后的不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05，Duncan’s法)
1) The data in the table are means ± standard errors, n=3; Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences (P<0.05, Duncan’s method)
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表 3 水稻收获后土壤速效养分含量1)
Table 3 Content of soil available nutrients after rice harvest
w/(mg·kg−1) 处理 Treatment N P K 对照 Control 73.01±4.88a 7.45±0.54a 44.63±0.88b 烟渣有机药肥 Tobacco residue organic fertilizer 85.59±12.48a 7.48±0.96a 48.89±1.64a 茶皂素有机药肥 Tea saponin organic fertilizer 77.72±6.37a 6.32±1.54a 48.72±3.11ab 1) 表中数据为平均值±标准误，n=3；同列数据后的不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05，Duncan’s法)
1) The data in the table are means ± standard errors, n=3; Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences (P<0.05, Duncan’s method)
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表 4 有机药肥对稻纵卷叶螟的防治效果
Table 4 Control effect of organic fertilizer on rice leaf roller
处理
Treatment调查总叶数
Investigated leaf number卷叶数
Roll leaf number卷叶率1)/%
Roll leaf rate防治效果/%
Control effect对照 Control 535 22 4.11a 烟渣有机药肥 Tobacco residue organic fertilizer 519 4 0.77b 81.27 茶皂素有机药肥 Tea saponin organic fertilizer 498 10 2.01ab 51.09 1) 该列数据后的不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05，Duncan’s法)
1) Different lowercase letters in this column indicate significant differences (P<0.05, Duncan’s method)
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表 5 有机药肥对白背飞虱的防治效果
Table 5 Control effect of organic fertilizer on white-backed planthopper
处理
Treatment五点平均虫数1)
The average number of pest at five points虫口减退率/%
Decrease rate of white-backed planthopper对照 Control 2.44±2.06b 烟渣有机药肥
Tobacco residue organic fertilizer1.08±1.41a 55.74 茶皂素有机药肥
Tea saponin organic fertilizer1.52±1.45ab 37.70 1) 该列数据为平均值±标准误，n=3；该列数据后的不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05，Duncan’s法)
1) The data in this column are means ± standard errors, n=3; Different lowercase letters in this column indicate significant differences (P<0.05, Duncan’s method)
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