Control effect of sorghum vinasse against Orbanche cumana and influence on growth and quality of tobacco
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摘要:目的
明确高粱酒糟对烟草向日葵列当Orbanche cumana的防治效果及对烟草生长和品质的影响。
方法通过田间小区试验,研究施用不同剂量的酒糟处理土壤对烟草向日葵列当的防治效果及对烟草生长、产量和品质的影响。
结果在各施用剂量下,土壤施用酒糟对烟草向日葵列当有较好的防治效果,2018年各处理平均株防效和平均鲜质量防效分别为62.73%~74.16%和42.70%~66.03%,2019年平均株防效和平均鲜质量防效分别为57.10%~64.17%和53.23%~80.56%;各施用剂量下烟草长势较好,各项生长指标均明显高于对照;施用酒糟后烟草产量明显提高,2018、2019年烟叶鲜质量分别比对照提高17.76%~24.22%和6.63%~15.71%,烟叶干质量分别提高6.70%~11.63%和15.39%~20.17%,中上等烟叶比例分别提高7.35%和3.90%。
结论高粱酒糟可用于烟草田间防治向日葵列当,在烟苗移栽前均匀撒施并与20 cm深土壤混匀后起垄,施用剂量为1~2 kg/m2。
Abstract:ObjectiveTo determine the control effect of sorghum vinasse against broomrape (Orbanche cumana) and the influence of vinasse on growth and quality of tobacco.
MethodA field plot assay was conducted and different dosages of vinases were applied in soil. The control effect of vinasse against broomrape and influence on growth, yield and quality of tobacco were investigated.
ResultVinasse had good control effects against broomrape at different dosages. The average plant control effect and average fresh weight control effect of vinasse against broom rape were 62.73%−74.16% and 42.70%−66.03% respectively in 2018, and 57.10%−64.17% and 53.23%−80.56% respectively in 2019. Tobacco grew well with the application of different dosages of vinasse, and the growth indicators were significantly higher than those of the control. Tobacco yield increased significantly after applying vinasse, fresh weights increased by 17.76%−24.22% and 6.63%−15.71% than those of the control, and dry weight increased by 6.70%−11.63% and 15.39%−20.17% in 2018 and 2019, respectively. The proportion of superior and middle class of tobacco increased by 7.35% and 3.90% than those of control, in 2018 and 2019 respectively.
ConclusionSorghum vinasse can be used for the prevention and control of tobacco broomrape. It is suggested that vinasse mixed with soil in a depth of 20 cm at the dose of 1−2 kg/m2 before tobacco seedling transplanting.
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Keywords:
- sorghum vinasse /
- tobacco /
- Orobanche cumana /
- control effect /
- yield /
- quality
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表 1 烟草采收前施用酒糟对向日葵列当的防治效果1)
Table 1 Control effect of vinasse treatment against broomrape on tobacco before harvest
年份
Year酒糟用量/
(kg·m−2)
Dose of vinasse株防效/%
Plant control
effect鲜质量防效/%
Fresh weight
control effect年份
Year酒糟用量/
(kg·m−2)
Dose of vinasse株防效/%
Plant control
effect鲜质量防效/%
Fresh weight
control effect2018 1 62.73±6.36a 42.70±2.90b 2019 1 57.10±11.58a 53.23±6.20b 2 72.00±1.95a 59.47±14.84ab 2 61.34±13.01a 59.18±9.79b 3 74.16±2.41a 66.03±6.86a 3 64.17±17.22a 80.56±5.74a 1)表中数据为平均值±标准误,相同年份同列数据后不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05,Duncan’s 法)
1)The values in the table are mean ± standard error, and different lowercase letters in the same year in the same column represent significant difference(P<0.05,Duncan’s test)表 2 酒糟处理后对烟草生长的影响1)
Table 2 Effect of vinasse treatment on the growth of tobacco
年份Year 酒糟用量/
(kg·m−2)
Doses of
vinasse株高/cm
Plant height茎粗/cm
Stem diameter叶长/cm
Length of leaf叶宽/cm
Width of leafw(叶绿素)/(mg·g−1)
Chlorophyll content下部Bottom 中部Middle 上部
Top下部Bottom 中部Middle 上部
Top下部Bottom 中部Middle 上部
Top2018 0(CK) 105.62b 27.37b 57.74a 65.72b 56.16b 20.46b 33.28a 30.72a 15.71a 18.21a 19.33a 1 117.10ab 28.53b 69.12a 72.50ab 60.76ab 29.82a 33.62a 30.96a 19.30a 21.44a 21.11a 2 107.28ab 33.44a 67.52a 67.76ab 55.60b 29.64a 29.06a 29.76a 20.45a 22.49a 22.48a 3 116.04a 36.09a 67.64a 73.82a 65.98a 24.04b 32.54a 35.02a 17.40a 21.21a 20.93a 2019 0(CK) 131.53b 29.34ab 65.32a 69.46b 59.37a 30.11a 32.33a 30.56a 10.42a 11.85a 13.48a 1 141.02a 29.86ab 72.12a 75.19a 65.12a 33.25a 36.75a 35.69a 10.33a 12.74a 13.84a 2 142.06b 31.58a 72.35a 73.52a 63.78a 34.77a 37.24a 30.12a 10.53a 12.31a 15.75a 3 132.85b 29.57b 69.56a 71.33ab 63.98a 31.25a 32.10a 33.27a 10.44a 12.46a 14.27a 1)相同年份同列数据后不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05,Duncan’s 法)
1)Different lowercase letters in the same year in the same column represent significant difference(P<0.05,Duncan’s test)表 3 酒糟处理后对烟草产量的影响1)
Table 3 Effect of vinasse treatment on the yield of tobacco
年份
Year酒糟用量/
(kg·m−2)
Dose of vinassem鲜/kg
Fresh
weight烟叶等级
Tobacco gradem干/kg
Dry
weight中上等烟叶
Superior and middle class of tobaccoX4L X3L C3F C2L C3L B2F B3F m/kg 占比/% Rate 2018 0(CK) 79.47b 3.99 18.91 1.51 7.85 10.75a 9.42 87.63 1 93.58a 1.80 15.38 4.15 13.08 11.47a 10.87 94.77 2 98.72a 2.06 18.43 5.67 9.85 12.00a 11.32 94.33 3 95.08a 2.12 16.26 4.61 12.42 11.80a 11.10 94.07 2019 0(CK) 72.65b 2.14 6.34 11.62 5.55 8.58a 7.87 91.72 1 79.55a 0.82 7.32 14.44 6.52 9.66a 9.39 97.20 2 84.06a 1.43 6.97 15.40 6.67 10.22a 9.74 95.30 3 77.47a 0.97 7.01 15.63 5.64 9.75a 9.43 96.72 1)烟叶等级中,X4L:下柠四,X3L:下柠三,C3F:中桔三,C2L:中桔二,C3L:中柠三,B2F:上桔二,B3F:上桔三;相同年份同列数据后不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05,Duncan’s 法)
1)X4L, C3F, C3L, B3F, X3L, C2L, B2F are grades of tobacco; different lowercase letters in the same year in the same line represent significant difference(P<0.05,Duncan’s test)表 4 酒糟处理对烤后烟叶主要化学成分含量的影响
Table 4 Effect of vinasse treatment on the contents of chemical components in tobacco
w/% 酒糟用量/(kg·m−2)
Dose of vinasse还原糖
Reducing sugar总糖
Total sugar总植物碱
Total nicotine总氮
Total N钾
K氯
Cl1 23.4 26.7 2.36 1.92 1.48 0.52 2 21.7 25.2 2.31 1.96 1.73 0.48 3 25.4 30.3 2.10 1.80 1.85 0.68 0 (CK) 19.0 21.9 2.50 2.06 1.80 1.26 表 5 酒糟处理对烤后烟叶感官评价的影响1)
Table 5 Effect of vinasse treatment on sensory evaluation of tobacco
酒糟用量/
(kg·m−2)
Dose of vinasse香型Aroma type 劲头Energy 浓度Concetration 香气质
Quality of aroma
(15)香气量
Quatity of aroma (20)余味Aftertaste
(25)杂气Miscellaneous
gas (18)刺激性Irritation
(12)燃烧性
Combusti-
bility
(5)灰色
Color
of ash
(5)总得分
Total score
(100)质量档次Quality level 1 中间 适中 中等 11.17 15.67 19.08 13.00 8.92 3.00 3.08 73.9 中等+ 2 中间 适中 中等 10.83 15.33 18.33 12.42 8.75 3.00 3.08 71.8 中等 3 中间 适中 中等 11.08 15.58 18.50 12.67 8.92 3.00 3.08 72.8 中等 0 (CK) 中间 适中 中等 11.00 15.58 18.67 12.92 8.92 3.00 3.08 73.2 中等+ 1)括号中数字表示满分
1)The number in parentheses presents full score -
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