Effects of short-term exposure to high temperature at larval stage on the development and fecundity of Assara inouei
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摘要:目的
明确幼虫期短时高温对井上蛀果斑螟 Assara inouei 存活、生长发育及生殖的影响。
方法将井上蛀果斑螟初孵幼虫和老熟幼虫在32、35、38、41和44 ℃条件下，分别处理1、2和4 h，测定其存活率；将井上蛀果斑螟初孵幼虫和老熟幼虫在35、38、41 ℃条件下，分别处理1、2和4 h后，研究其发育历期、化蛹率、羽化率、雌雄虫寿命、单雌产卵量及子代卵孵化率等。
结果随着温度的升高和处理时间的延长，井上蛀果斑螟幼虫存活率逐渐减小。井上蛀果斑螟初孵幼虫在35 ℃处理下发育历期缩短，38和41 ℃处理下发育历期延长。老熟幼虫经短时高温处理后，随着温度的升高及处理时间的延长，化蛹率、蛹质量、蛹羽化率、产卵期、雌虫寿命及产卵量均逐渐减小，蛹历期逐渐延长。
结论井上蛀果斑螟初孵幼虫对短时高温的适应性高于老熟幼虫，短时高温对井上蛀果斑螟老熟幼虫的存活、生长发育及生殖有显著影响。本研究揭示了井上蛀果斑螟幼虫对高温的适应性，可为井上蛀果斑螟种群动态的预测预报提供科学依据。
Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of short-term exposure to high temperature at larval stage on the survival rate, development and fecundity of Assara inouei.
MethodNeonate larvae or mature larvae of A. inouei were exposed to high temperatures of 35, 38, 41 and 45 ℃ for 1, 2 and 4 h, respectively, and the survival rate was measured. After neonate larvae or mature larvae of A. inouei were exposed to high temperatures of 35, 38 and 41 ℃ for 1, 2 and 4 h, respectively, biological parameters of developmental duration, pupation rate, emergence rate, male and female longevity, number of eggs laid per female and egg hatching rate were investigated.
ResultThe survival rate of neonate larvae decreased gradually with the increase of temperature and treatment time. The developmental duration of neonate larvae was shortened by 35 ℃ treatment, but the developmental durations were prolonged by 38 and 41 ℃ treatments. After mature larvae were exposed to high temperature for short term, the pupation rate, pupal weight, emergence rate, oviposition period, female longevity and number of eggs laid per female decreased gradually, and pupal duration prolonged gradually with the increase of temperature and treatment time.
ConclusionNeonate larvae have higher adaptability to short-term high temperature than mature larvae. Short-term exposure to high temperature has significant effects on the survival, development and fecundity of mature larvae of A. inouei. The results reveal the adaptability of A. inouei larvae to high temperature, and provide a scientific basis for predicting the population dynamics of A. inouei.
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Keywords:
- Assara inouei /
- short-term high temperature /
- survival /
- development /
- reproduction
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表 1 幼虫期短时高温处理对井上蛀果斑螟幼虫存活率的影响1)
Table 1 Effects of short-term exposure of Assara inouei larvae to high temperature on their survival rates
虫期
Developmental staget(处理)/h
Treatment time存活率/% Survival rate 32 ℃ 35 ℃ 38 ℃ 41 ℃ 44 ℃ 初孵幼虫
Neonate larvae1 100.00aA 100.00aA 92.62aA 52.14aB 0.00aC 2 100.00aA 98.56aA 89.82aB 20.39bC 0.00aD 4 100.00aA 88.32bB 72.14bC 12.14cD 0.00aE 老熟幼虫
Mature larvae1 100.00aA 100.00aA 100.00aA 82.25aB 11.80aC 2 100.00aA 100.00aA 100.00aA 67.62bB 7.51aC 4 100.00aA 100.00aA 91.57bB 45.27cC 0.00bD 1) 相同虫期同列数据后不同小写字母表示不同处理时间存在显著差异，同行数据后不同大写字母表示不同温度间存在显著差异(P<0.05，Duncan’s法)
1) Different lowercase letters within the same column at the same larval stage indicate significant difference among different treatment time, and different uppercase letters within the same row indicate significant difference among different treatment temperature (P<0.05, Duncan’s test)
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表 2 幼虫期短时高温处理对井上蛀果斑螟初孵幼虫发育历期及存活率的影响1)
Table 2 Effects of short-term exposure of neonate larvae to high temperature on the larval duration and survival rate of Assara inouei
t(处理)/h
Treatment time发育历期/d Larval duration 存活率/% Survival rate 35 ℃ 38 ℃ 41 ℃ 35 ℃ 38 ℃ 41 ℃ 0(CK) 17.56±1.97aA 17.56±1.97cA 17.56±1.97bA 68.24±2.68aA 68.24±2.68aA 68.24±2.68aA 1 16.32±1.52aB 19.16±2.43bA 20.19±1.09abA 64.38±4.51aA 40.06±2.47bB 33.35±1.02bC 2 16.08±1.34aB 21.25±2.30aA 19.83±2.12bA 53.74±2.34bA 37.83±2.39bcB 26.77±2.11cC 4 15.69±1.21aB 20.84±1.23abA 21.74±1.34aA 48.86±1.78cA 34.51±0.76cB 22.24±0.64cC 1) 表中数据为平均值 ± 标准差，对同一参数，同列数据后不同小写字母表示不同处理时间存在显著差异，同行数据后不同大写字母表示不同温度间存在显著差异(P<0.05，Duncan’s法)
1) Datum in the table is mean ± SE, for the same parameter, different lowercase letters within the same column indicate significant difference among different treatment time, and different uppercase letters within the same row indicate significant difference among different treatment temperature(P<0.05, Duncan’s test)
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表 3 井上蛀果斑螟幼虫期短时高温处理对化蛹率的影响1)
Table 3 Effect of short-term exposure of larvae to high temperature on the pupation rate of Assara inouei
处理 Treatment 化蛹率/% Pupation rate θ/℃
t/h
初孵幼虫
Neonate larvae老熟幼虫
Mature larvae25 (CK) 87.72±4.95a 87.72±4.95a 35 1 89.35±4.56a 86.49±5.43a 2 85.94±5.31a 83.15±3.64ab 4 87.13±6.37a 78.89±5.20bc 38 1 88.32±5.44a 74.72±6.31c 2 86.09±6.32a 75.40±5.96c 4 85.41±2.56a 67.67±3.67d 41 1 86.38±4.27a 70.44±4.19d 2 88.84±5.19a 58.98±6.04e 4 85.63±3.38a 50.53±4.77f 1) 表中数据为平均值 ± 标准差，同列数据后不同小字母表示差异显著(P<0.05，Duncan’s法)
1) Datum in the table is mean ± SE, different lowercase letters within the same column indicate significant difference (P<0.05, Duncan’s test)
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表 4 井上蛀果斑幼虫期短时高温处理对蛹质量、蛹历期及羽化率的影响1)
Table 4 Effects of short-term exposure of larvae to high temperature on the pupal weight, pupa duration and emergence rate of Assara inouei
处理 Treatment 蛹质量/mg Pupal weight 蛹历期/d Pupa duration 羽化率/% Emergence rate θ/℃
t/h
初孵幼虫
Neonate larvae老熟幼虫
Mature larvae初孵幼虫
Neonate larvae老熟幼虫
Mature larvae初孵幼虫
Neonate larvae老熟幼虫
Mature larvae25 (CK) 15.65±0.67a 15.65±0.67a 7.76±0.55a 7.76±0.55b 94.48±2.35a 94.48±2.35a 35 1 14.67±0.72a 14.43±1.21ab 6.82±0.48a 7.20±1.58b 93.32±4.57a 91.74±5.31ab 2 15.91±0.81a 15.07±0.94a 7.74±0.61a 7.69±1.57b 94.74±4.32a 90.53±3.67ab 4 13.89±0.76a 13.91±0.78ab 7.63±0.39a 7.65±1.49b 91.90±5.38a 88.57±4.45b 38 1 14.26±1.13a 14.60±080ab 7.72±0.60a 8.47±2.54ab 93.37±3.48a 83.79±5.70c 2 14.75±0.94a 13.87±0.75ab 8.25±0.42a 8.78±2.83ab 93.59±5.31a 84.31±2.61c 4 13.79±0.98a 12.67±0.54bc 8.41±0.79a 9.31±2.70a 92.86±3.35a 77.62±3.70d 41 1 14.61±0.76a 13.14±0.62bc 7.95±0.95a 9.04±2.63a 92.24±4.06a 79.85±3.66cd 2 13.94±0.88a 12.85±0.83bc 8.04±0.72a 9.23±2.71a 92.73±4.58a 66.76±4.22e 4 13.85±1.01a 11.28±0.87c 7.79±0.86a 9.18±1.48a 91.31±2.34a 68.39±3.38e 1) 表中数据为平均值 ± 标准差，同列数据后不同小字母表示差异显著(P<0.05，Duncan’s法)
1) Datum in the table is mean ± SE, different lowercase letters within the same column indicate significant difference (P<0.05, Duncan’s test)
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表 5 井上蛀果斑幼虫期短时高温处理对成虫产卵期及寿命的影响1)
Table 5 Effects of short-term exposure of larvae to high temperature on the oviposition period and longevity of Assara inouei adult
处理
Treatment产卵前期/d
Pre-oviposition period产卵期/d
Oviposition period雌虫寿命/d
Female longevity雄虫寿命/d
Male longevityθ/℃
t/h
初孵幼虫
Neonate
larvae老熟幼虫
Mature
larvae初孵幼虫
Neonate
larvae老熟幼虫
Mature
larvae初孵幼虫
Neonate
larvae老熟幼虫
Mature
larvae初孵幼虫
Neonate
larvae老熟幼虫
Mature
larvae25 (CK) 1.71±0.02a 1.71±0.02a 8.69±0.74a 8.69±0.74 a 14.47±1.73a 14.47±1.73a 12.59±1.46a 12.59±1.46a 35 1 1.68±0.03a 1.62±0.04a 7.31±0.85a 8.31±0.85a 13.38±1.18a 15.14±2.14a 11.87±1.33a 12.37±1.36a 2 1.84±0.05a 2.10±0.02a 7.55±1.09a 8.14±1.09a 15.11±1.36a 13.81±1.59ab 12.69±1.78a 11.76±1.80a 4 1.56±0.03a 1.74±0.04a 6.57±0.67a 7.63±0.67abc 14.28±1.55a 13.44±1.37ab 11.77±0.89a 13.04±1.93a 38 1 2.05±0.03a 1.60±0.00a 6.86±0.98a 6.48±0.98abc 13.71±1.42a 15.06±2.00a 12.28±1.74a 12.68±1.38a 2 1.79±0.02a 1.77±0.05a 7.25±0.54a 5.59±0.54c 13.69±1.97a 14.87±1.42a 11.12±1.62a 12.31±1.55a 4 2.04±0.05a 2.08±0.04a 7.84±0.71a 6.25±0.71bc 14.23±2.18a 11.90±1.63bc 10.94±0.90a 11.84±1.63a 41 1 1.73±0.06a 1.69±0.03a 6.63±0.66a 6.17±0.66bc 13.56±1.92a 12.78±1.81b 12.50±1.34a 12.00±1.49a 2 1.80±0.04a 1.84±0.02a 7.39±0.82a 5.80±0.82c 13.89±1.49a 11.06±1.76bc 11.53±1.12a 11.64±1.07a 4 1.89±0.07a 1.95±0.06a 6.76±0.47a 5.21±0.47c 14.04±1.85a 9.57±2.05c 11.67±1.37a 12.17±1.22a 1) 表中数据为平均值 ± 标准差，同列数据后不同小字母表示差异显著(P<0.05，Duncan’s法)
1) Datum in the table is mean ± SE, different lowercase letters within the same column indicate significant difference (P<0.05, Duncan’s test)
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表 6 井上蛀果斑幼虫期短时高温处理对成虫平均单雌产卵量及卵孵化率的影响1)
Table 6 Effects of short-term exposure of larvae to high temperature on the number of eggs laid per female and egg hatching rate of Assara inouei adult
处理
Treatment平均单雌产卵量/粒
Number of eggs laid per female卵孵化率/%
Egg hatching rateθ/℃
t/h
初孵幼虫
Neonate larvae老熟幼虫
Mature larvae初孵幼虫
Neonate larvae老熟幼虫
Mature larvae25 (CK) 89.47±5.26a 89.47±5.26a 57.89±2.65a 57.89±3.65a 35 1 91.87±4.56a 84.45±4.57ab 60.14±1.54a 58.20±1.58a 2 88.69±4.34a 86.60±3.65ab 54.27±2.17a 64.69±2.57a 4 83.79±3.90a 85.09±3.32ab 56.63±2.23a 54.25±1.49a 38 1 90.28±4.96a 90.15±5.94a 59.72±3.75a 60.61±3.54a 2 91.12±4.62a 87.42±4.06a 62.25±2.69a 57.31±2.83a 4 86.34±3.98a 80.62±3.41ab 55.18±2.58a 63.74±2.70a 41 1 84.57±5.34a 76.88±2.94b 55.33±1.63a 54.24±2.63a 2 86.53±3.12a 75.09±4.51b 62.87±2.54a 59.23±2.71a 4 88.67±4.37a 64.30±5.37c 53.62±1.06a 58.48±1.48a 1) 表中数据为平均值 ± 标准差，同列数据后不同小字母表示差异显著(P<0.05，Duncan’s法)
1) Datum in the table is mean ± SE, different lowercase letters within the same column indicate significant difference (P<0.05, Duncan’s test)
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