低播种量下杂交稻不同机械化种植方式的产量构成及特征

李泽华; 马旭; 李宏伟; 郭林杰; 刘朝东; 傅荣富; 杨明祥; 梁振宇

doi:10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.201909021

低播种量下杂交稻不同机械化种植方式的产量构成及特征

1.
华南农业大学数学与信息学院，广东广州 510642
2.
华南农业大学工程学院，广东广州 510642
3.
江门市农业科学研究所，广东江门 529060
4.
江门市农业技术服务中心，广东江门 529000

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0700703)；国家自然科学基金(51675188)；现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-01-43)

详细信息

作者简介:
李泽华(1977—)，男，副教授，博士，E-mail: lzhljl@scau.edu.cn

通讯作者:
马　旭(1959—)，男，教授，博士，E-mail: maxu1959@scau.edu.cn

中图分类号: S233.71
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- 文章访问数: 4352
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- PDF下载量: 1955
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-09-10
- 网络出版日期: 2023-05-17
- 刊出日期: 2020-07-09

Yield components and characteristics of hybrid rice with different mechanical transplanting methods under low sowing rate

1.
College of Mathematics and Informatics, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
2.
College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
3.
Jiangmen Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangmen 529060, China
4.
Jiangmen Agricultural Technology Service Center, Jiangmen 529000, China

摘要

摘要:
目的
比较低播种量下杂交稻不同机械化种植方式的产量构成及特征，探索杂交稻机械化种植方法。

方法
在广东省肇庆市和江门市进行了早、晚稻毯状苗机插和麻膜毯状苗机插2种机械化种植方式对比试验，以钵苗人工手插为对照，采用低播种量精密播种培育壮秧，配合插秧机精准栽插。

结果
当播种量为每盘65 g芽种时，早、晚稻试验中2种机插与钵苗人工手插的实际产量差异为0.17%~0.66%和1.01%~3.24%，差异不显著；有效穗数是产量的主要影响因子，提高杂交稻产量的关键是保证适度有效穗数；不同种植方式穗部性状差异主要表现为二次枝梗数的差异，一次枝梗数差异较小。

结论
毯状苗机插可以在低播种量下通过提高中穗占比、大穗和中穗累计占比和协调结实率等因素实现高产栽培。
- 杂交稻 /
- 机械化种植 /
- 低播种量 /
- 产量构成 /
- 穗部性状
Abstract:
Objective
To compare yield components and characterisitcs of hybrid rice with different mechanical transplanting methods under low sowing rate, and explore mechanical transplanting methods for hybrid rice.

Method
Two kinds of mechanical transplanting methods (mechanical transplanting of blanket seedling and mechanical transplanting of blanket seedling with bast fiber mulch film ) for early and late rice under low sowing rate were arranged and compared in Zhaoqing and Jiangmen in Guangdong Province. Artificial transplanting of pot seedling was used as the control. The robust seedlings were cultivated by precision sowing with low sowing rate. The accurate transplanting was achieved by transplanter.

Result
When the sowing rate was 65 g buds per plate, there was no significant difference between the actual yields of two kinds of mechanical transplanting and artificial transplanting of pot seedling, and the differences among three different transplanting methods in early and late rice experiments were 0.17%−0.66% and 1.01%−3.24%. The effective panicle number was the key influencing factor of yield. Ensuring moderate effective panicle number was the key for raising yield. The main difference of panicle traits of different transplanting methods was found in the number of secondary branch. There was little difference in the number of primary branch.

Conclusion
Mechanical transplanting of blanket seedling can realize high yield by increasing the proportions of middle panicle, cumulative proportion of large and middle panicles, and coordinating seed setting rate and other factors under low sowing rate.
- hybrid rice /
- mechanical transplanting /
- low sowing rate /
- yield component /
- panicle trait

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表 1 不同种植方式杂交稻产量及其构成因素¹⁾

Table 1 Hybrid rice yields and yield components with different transplanting methods

材料 Material	种植方式²⁾ Transplanting method	有效穗数/ (×10⁴ hm⁻²) No. of effective panicle	每穗粒数 No. of spikelet per panicle	群体颖花量/ (×10⁸ hm⁻²) No. of total spikelet	结实率/% Seed setting percentage	千粒质量/g 1 000 grain weight	库容量/ (t·hm⁻²) Sink capacity	理论产量/ (kg·hm⁻²) Theoretical yield	实际产量/ (kg·hm⁻²) Actual yield
早稻 Early rice	BS	242.59Aa	178.03Aa	4.32Aa	74.27Aa	29.88Aa	12.90Aa	9 583.95Aa	9 368.85Aa
	BW	233.60Aa	182.07Aa	4.25Aa	74.86Aa	29.98Aa	12.75Aa	9 545.40Aa	9 322.95Aa
	PS	256.45Aa	168.02Aa	4.31Aa	73.20Aa	30.42Aa	13.11Aa	9 595.05Aa	9 384.45Aa
晚稻 Late rice	BS	212.31Aa	156.80Aa	3.33Aa	84.80Aa	30.68Aa	10.21Aa	8 660.85Aa	8 091.45Aa
	BW	214.76Aa	154.74Aa	3.32Aa	83.51Aa	30.72Aa	10.21Aa	8 525.40Aa	7 916.40Aa
	PS	210.83Aa	154.67Aa	3.26Aa	82.89Aa	31.10Aa	10.14Aa	8 406.15Aa	7 837.35Aa
1)相同材料、同列数据后不同大写字母和小写字母分别表示在0.01和0.05水平差异显著(Duncan’s法)；2) BS：毯状苗机插，BW：麻膜毯状苗机插，PS：钵苗人工手插　1) Different uppercase and lowercase letters in the same column and material indicate significant differences at 1% and 5% levels respectively (Duncan’s test); 2) BS: Mechanical transplanting of blanket seedling, BW: Mechanical transplanting of blanket seedling with bast fiber mulch film, PS: Artificial transplanting of pot seedling

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表 2 杂交稻产量及构成因素间的相关系数¹⁾

Table 2 Correlation coefficients between yield and yield components of hybrid rice

材料 Material	因子 Factor	有效穗数 No. of effective panicle	每穗粒数 No. of spikelet per panicle	群体颖花量 No. of total spikelet	结实率 Seed setting percentage	千粒质量 1 000 grain weight	库容量 Sink capacity	理论产量 Theoretical yield
早稻 Early rice	有效穗数 No. of effective panicle	1.000
	每穗粒数 No. of spikelet per panicle	−0.619**	1.000
	群体颖花量 No. of total spikelet	0.777**	0.388*	1.000
	结实率 Seed setting percentage	−0.735**	0.521**	−0.526**	1.000
	千粒质量 1 000 grain weight	0.005	−0.296	−0.225	0.004	1.000
	库容量 Sink capacity	0.797**	−0.044	0.983**	−0.539 **	−0.045	1.000
	理论产量 Theoretical yield	0.767**	0.404*	0.862**	0.262	−0.045	0.871**	1.000
晚稻 Late rice	有效穗数 No. of effective panicle	1.000
	每穗粒数 No. of spikelet per panicle	−0.301	1.000
	群体颖花量 No. of total spikelet	0.718**	0.443*	1.000
	结实率 Seed setting percentage	−0.261	−0.038	−0.265	1.000
	千粒质量 1 000 grain weight	−0.158	−0.522**	−0.502**	0.521**	1.000
	库容量 Sink capacity	0.746**	0.374	0.981**	−0.167	−0.326	1.000
	理论产量 Theoretical yield	0.630**	0.362	0.867**	0.419*	−0.119	0.924**	1.000
1)“”和“”分别表示在0.05和0.01水平显著相关(Pearson法) 　1) “” and “**” indicate significant correlations at 0.05 and 0.01 levels respectively (Pearson mehod)

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表 3 不同种植方式杂交稻的穗型特征

Table 3 Panicle type characteristics of hybrid rice with different transplanting methods

种植方式¹⁾ Transplanting method	总穗数 No. of total panicle	大穗数 No. of large panicle	大穗占比/% Ratio of large panicle	中穗数 No. of medium panicle	中穗占比/% Ratio of medium panicle	大穗和中穗累计占比/% Total ratio of large and medium panicles	小穗数 No. of miniature panicle	小穗占比/% Ratio of miniature panicle
BS	496	71	14.31	355	71.57	85.88	70	14.11
BW	485	53	10.93	346	71.34	82.27	86	17.73
PS	430	78	18.14	289	67.21	85.35	63	14.65
1)BS：毯状苗机插；BW：麻膜毯状苗机插；PS：钵苗人工手插　1)BS: Mechanical transplanting of blanket seedling; BW: Mechanical transplanting of blanket seedling with bast fiber mulch film; PS: Artificial transplanting of pot seedling

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表 4 不同种植方式杂交稻穗部构成特征

Table 4 Panicle characteristics of hybrid rice with different transplanting methods

种植方式 Transplanting method	统计指标 Statistical index	穗长/cm Panicle length	单穗质量/g Single panicle weight	着粒密度/ (粒·cm⁻¹) Grain density	一次枝梗数 No. of primary branch	二次枝梗数 No. of secondary branch	一、二次枝梗数比 No. of primary branch/ No. of secondary branch
毯状苗机插 Mechanical transplanting of blanket seedling	平均值 Average	22.071	3.831	6.529	10.761	28.524	0.497
	最大值 Maximum	27.200	7.400	11.610	18.000	62.000	5.000
	最小值 Minimum	14.900	0.800	1.943	6.000	2.000	0.212
	变异系数/% Variable coefficient	10.105	34.206	27.332	13.234	41.917	83.662
麻膜毯状苗机插 Mechanical transplanting of blanket seedling with bast fiber mulch film	平均值 Average	21.761	3.771	6.498	10.358	25.882	0.517
	最大值 Maximum	27.600	7.900	11.157	16.000	57.000	4.500
	最小值 Minimum	13.400	0.600	1.480	5.000	2.000	0.179
	变异系数/% Variable coefficient	10.421	34.803	27.262	14.499	42.771	76.158
钵苗人工手插 Artificial transplanting of pot seedling	平均值 Average	22.281	3.830	6.502	10.481	27.986	0.524
	最大值 Maximum	27.600	7.900	12.292	16.000	57.000	8.000
	最小值 Minimum	13.000	0.600	1.482	5.000	1.000	0.218
	变异系数/% Variable coefficient	10.648	36.629	28.977	14.148	45.102	117.362

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表 5 不同种植方式杂交稻穗部性状之间的相关系数¹⁾

Table 5 Correlation coefficients of panicle traits of hybrid rice with different transplanting methods

种植方式 Transplanting method	因子 Factor	穗长 Panicle length	单穗质量 Single panicle weight	着粒密度 Grain density	一次枝梗数 No. of primary branch	二次枝梗数 No. of secondary branch
毯状苗机插 Mechanical transplanting of blanket seedling	单穗质量 Single panicle weight	0.869**
	着粒密度 Grain density	0.795**	0.987**
	一次枝梗数 No. of primary branch	0.771**	0.743**	0.704**
	二次枝梗数 No. of secondary branch	0.885**	0.905**	0.867**	0.784**
	一、二次枝梗数比 No. of primary branch/No. of secondary branch	−0.638**	−0.619**	−0.623**	−0.488**	−0.689**
麻膜毯状苗机插 Mechanical transplanting of blanket seedling with bast fiber mulch film	单穗质量 Single panicle weight	0.897**
	着粒密度 Grain density	0.787**	0.942**
	一次枝梗数 No. of primary branch	0.786**	0.769**	0.708**
	二次枝梗数 No. of secondary branch	0.846**	0.891**	0.816**	0.740**
	一、二次枝梗数比 No. of primary branch/No. of secondary branch	−0.622**	−0.598**	−0.593**	−0.469**	−0.695**
钵苗人工手插 Artificial transplanting of pot seedling	单穗质量 Single panicle weight	0.888**
	着粒密度 Grain density	0.831**	0.988**
	一次枝梗数 No. of primary branch	0.719**	0.774**	0.769**
	二次枝梗数 No. of secondary branch	0.882**	0.942**	0.917**	0.762**
	一、二次枝梗数比 No. of primary branch/ No. of secondary branch	−0.571**	−0.521**	−0.546**	−0.452**	−0.541**
1)“”和“”分别表示在0.05和0.01水平显著相关(Pearson法) 　1) “” and “**” indicate significant correlations at 0.05 and 0.01 levels respectively (Pearson method)

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