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    石琪晗, 马玲, 石奥情, 等. 废弃矿区大豆根际土壤细菌群落对施肥方式的响应[J]. 华南农业大学学报, 2020, 41(2): 55-65. doi: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.201906029
    引用本文: 石琪晗, 马玲, 石奥情, 等. 废弃矿区大豆根际土壤细菌群落对施肥方式的响应[J]. 华南农业大学学报, 2020, 41(2): 55-65. doi: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.201906029
    shu
    SHI Qihan, MA Ling, SHI Aoqing, et al. Responses of soil bacterial communities in soybean rhizosphere of abandoned mining area to fertilization methods[J]. Journal of South China Agricultural University, 2020, 41(2): 55-65. doi: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.201906029
    Citation: SHI Qihan, MA Ling, SHI Aoqing, et al. Responses of soil bacterial communities in soybean rhizosphere of abandoned mining area to fertilization methods[J]. Journal of South China Agricultural University, 2020, 41(2): 55-65. doi: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.201906029
    shu

    废弃矿区大豆根际土壤细菌群落对施肥方式的响应

    Responses of soil bacterial communities in soybean rhizosphere of abandoned mining area to fertilization methods

      摘要
    • 摘要:
      目的  从细菌多样性和组成结构角度评估化学肥料与硅酸钠或蚯蚓结合施用对废弃矿区大豆根际细菌群落的影响，为日后矿区复垦和生态恢复提供理论依据。
      方法  在广东省梅州市黄畲村废弃矿区种植大豆‘华春9号’，试验设置4个施肥处理：氮磷钾肥结合硅酸钠(3NPK+S和5NPK+S)，氮磷钾肥结合蚯蚓20条·m−2(3NPK+E和5NPK+E),以不施肥为对照(3CK和5CK)。在施肥后3和5个月时对大豆根际土壤进行采样。通过提取土壤细菌总DNA、16S rRNA测序和测定土壤基本化学性质，探究该矿区大豆根际细菌群落多样性和结构对不同施肥处理的动态响应过程。
      结果  与3CK相比，3NPK+E处理显著增加了Chao1和Shannon指数；与5NPK+E处理相比，5NPK+S处理显著增加了Shannon指数。主坐标分析(PCoA)表明，不同处理下的根际细菌群落组成在操作分类单元(OTU)水平上出现显著分离。从属的相对丰度来看，Uncultured_f_Anaerolineaceae是3NPK+S、3NPK+E、5NPK+S、5NPK+E处理土壤中的优势菌属。基于Mantel检验和典型关联分析(CCA)显示，土壤有机质、有效磷和全碳含量对5NPK+E处理的根际细菌群落有显著影响。
      结论  施加NPK+S和NPK+E肥料均能有效提高矿区土壤细菌多样性，从而间接对土壤修复起促进作用。施肥方式和处理时间均会显著影响细菌群落组成，并且施肥处理时间越长对细菌群落组成的影响越明显。Uncultured_f_Anaerolineaceae富集在施肥处理下的土壤中，这类细菌可能在促使碳转化的过程中起重要作用，同时还具有修复土壤污染的潜力。NPK+E施用增加了有机质含量，对细菌群落的生长有促进作用。

       

      Abstract:
      Objective  To evaluate the effects of chemical fertilizers combined with sodium silicate or earthworm on bacterial community in soybean rhizosphere of abandoned mining areas from the perspectives of bacterial diversity and composition structure, and provide a theoretical basis for future mining area reclamation and ecological restoration.
      Method  ‘Huachun 9’ soybean was planted in the abandoned mining area of Huangshe Village, Meizhou City, Guangdong, China. Four fertilization treatments were set up. Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilizers were combined with sodium silicate (3NPK+S and 5NPK+S), NPK fertilizers were combined with 20 earthworms per square metre (3NPK+E and 5NPK+E), and No fertilizer was used as control (3CK and 5CK). Soybean rhizosphere soil was sampled three and five months after fertilizing respectively. The soil bacterial total DNA was extracted, 16S rRNA was sequenced and basic soil chemical properties were determined to analyze diversity and structure of bacterial community in soybean rhizosphere responsing to different fertilization treatments in the mining area.
      Result  Compared with 3CK, 3NPK+E treatment significantly increased Chao1 and Shannon indexes. Compared with 5NPK+E, 5NPK+S treatment significantly increased Shannon index. The principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) showed that rhizosphere bacterial communities in different treatments were significantly separated at operational taxonomic unit (OTU) level. In terms of relative abundance, uncultured_f_Anaerolineaceae was the dominant genus in soil treated by 3NPK+S, 3NPK+E, 5NPK+S, and 5NPK+E. Mantel test and canonical correlation analysis (CCA) showed that soil organic matter, available phosphorus and total carbon contents had significant effects on rhizosphere bacterial community of 5NPK+E treatment.
      Conclusion  The applications of NPK+S and NPK+E fertilizers can effectively improve bacterial diversity, and indirectly promote soil amendment. The bacterial communities are significantly affected by different fertilization treatments. The longer the fertilization duration was, the more significant the effect was. Uncultured_f_Anaerolineaceae is enriched in fertilized soil. It may play an important role in promoting carbon transformation and has the potential to repair soil pollution. NPK+E fertilizer increases organic matter content and promotes growth of bacterial community.

       

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