Current advances on CRISPR/Cas genome editing technologies in plants
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摘要:
基因编辑技术的发展与应用为植物功能基因研究和作物遗传改良提供了重要的技术支撑。近年诞生的CRISPR/Cas基因编辑系统(主要包括CRISPR/Cas9和CRISPR/Cas12a)与其他的基因编辑技术相比，具有操作简单、效率高等优势，因此在动植物中均得到广泛应用。本文结合CRISPR/Cas基因编辑技术体系的发展历史及最新研究进展，着重介绍了该技术在植物领域中的应用范围和发展方向，以及基因编辑植物的靶点分析方法；对目前CRISPR/Cas基因编辑技术体系存在的问题进行了分析并提出了改进策略。
Abstract:Development of genome editing technologies provides efficient tools for functional genomics and crop molecular breeding. Owing to its simplicity and high efficiency, CRISPR/Cas systems, including CRISPR/Cas9 and CRISPR/Cas12a, have been widely used for genome editing in many organisms. In this review, we summarize the recent advances on improvements and applications of CRISPR/Cas systems in plants, as well as the methods for analyzing targeted mutations in edited plants. Finally, we discuss current problems of CRISPR/Cas systems and give a prospect of genome editing technologies.
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Keywords:
- CRISPR /
- plant /
- genome editing /
- targeted-mutation analysis
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表 1 利用CRISPR/Cas9进行水稻遗传改良的部分实例
Table 1 Examples of rice genetic improvement using CRISPR/Cas9
功能基因
Functional gene编辑方式
Editing mode性状改良
Improved trait参考文献
ReferenceERF922 敲除 Knockout 抗稻瘟病 Rice blast resistance [56] SWEET13 敲除 Knockout 抗白叶枯病 Bacterial blight resistance [57] Nramp5 敲除 Knockout 低镉积累 Low Cd accumulation [58] SaF/SaM 敲除 Knockout 杂种亲和 Hybrid compatibility [59] Sc 敲除 Knockout 杂种亲和 Hybrid compatibility [60] S1TPR/S1A4/S1A6 敲除 Knockout 杂种亲和 Hybrid compatibility [61-62] CSA 敲除 Knockout 反光敏不育 Reverse-photosensitive sterility [63] TMS5 敲除 Knockout 温敏不育 Thermo-sensitive sterility [64] Hd2/Hd4/Hd5 敲除 Knockout 早熟 Early maturity [65] DEP1/EP3 敲除 Knockout 直立穗 Erect panicle [66-67] Gn1a 敲除 Knockout 增加粒数 Increasing grain number [66-67] GS3 敲除 Knockout 增大粒型 Increasing grain size [66-67] GW2/GW5/TGW6 敲除 Knockout 增加粒质量 Increasing grain weight [67-68] SBEIIb 敲除 Knockout 高直链淀粉 High amylose starch [69] Waxy 敲除 Knockout 低直链淀粉 Low amylose starch [49, 70] BADH2 敲除 Knockout 提高香味 Enhancing fragrance [67] ALS 替换 Replace 抗除草剂 Herbicide resistance [71] EPSPS 替换 Replace 抗除草剂 Herbicide resistance [72] ACC 单碱基编辑 Single-base editing 抗除草剂 Herbicide resistance [73] SLR1 单碱基编辑 Single-base editing 降低株高 Reducing plant height [74] 
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