雷琼黄牛与不同品种肉牛杂交F1代的生产性能比较

罗家智; 刘清神; 杨镇玮; 孔令旋; 李斌; 刘玉强; 刘德武; 李耀坤

doi:10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.201904043

雷琼黄牛与不同品种肉牛杂交F1代的生产性能比较

华南农业大学动物科学学院，广东广州 510642

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0501706)；广东省农业发展和农村工作专项(4300-F16218)

详细信息

作者简介:
罗家智(1994—)，男，硕士研究生，E-mail: lokachi1994@163.com

通讯作者:
李耀坤(1986—)，男，副教授，博士，E-mail: ykli@scau.edu.cn

中图分类号: Q38
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-04-21
- 网络出版日期: 2023-05-17
- 刊出日期: 2020-03-09

Comparison of production performance among F1 hybrids of Leiqiong yellow cattle and different beef breeds

College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China

摘要

摘要:
目的
分析湛江市雷琼黄牛杂交利用现状及存在的问题，旨在促进雷琼黄牛杂交改良技术的应用，提高肉牛生产效益与经济效益。

方法
选取西雷杂F1代(西门塔尔♂×雷琼黄牛♀)、利雷杂F1代(利木赞♂×雷琼黄牛♀)、安雷杂F1代(安格斯♂×雷琼黄牛♀)和雷琼黄牛作为研究对象。在相同饲养条件下，选取初生、3月龄、6月龄和24月龄的杂交牛F1代及雷琼黄牛共390头，测定其体质量与体尺指标；屠宰24月龄的杂交牛F1代与雷琼黄牛各3头，选取其背最长肌进行肉品质分析。

结果
利木赞牛对雷琼黄牛杂交改良作用明显，尤其在初生体质量、24月龄体质量以及体尺发育方面效果显著，其中24月龄体质量提高了37.64%。利雷杂F1代肉质嫩度优于其余3组，而西雷杂F1代肉质嫩度最差。西雷杂F1代的眼肌面积大于雷琼黄牛，利雷杂F1代的眼肌面积大于其余3组，3组杂交牛F1代均可改善雷琼黄牛肉色偏白的情况。利雷杂、安雷杂、雷琼黄牛的必需氨基酸含量差异不显著，而西雷杂F1代必需氨基酸含量极显著低于雷琼黄牛。

结论
利木赞牛在改善雷琼黄牛体型、生长速度及肉品质上综合表现较好。
- 雷琼黄牛 /
- 杂交F1代 /
- 生长性能 /
- 肉品质
Abstract:
Objective
To analyze the current situation and existing problems of cross-breeding utilization of Leiqiong yellow cattle in Zhanjiang, promote the application of the hybrid improvement technology of Leiqiong yellow cattle, and improve the production efficiency and economic benefits of beef cattle.

Method
We selected Simmental×Leiqiong F1 generation, Limousin×Leiqiong F1 generation, Angus×Leiqiong F1 generation and Leiqiong yellow cattle as the research object. Under the same feeding conditions, 390 hybrids of F1 generation and Leiqiong yellow cattle including newborn, 3-month-old, 6-month-old and 24-month-old cattles were selected, and their body weight and body size indicators were measured. Three 24-month-old F1 hybrid cattles and three Leiqiong yellow cattles were slaughtered, and the longest back muscles were selected for meat quality analysis.

Result
Limousin cattle had obvious effects on variety improvement through hybridizing with Leiqiong yellow cattle, especially in improving the birth weight, 24-month-old weight and body size development. The meat tenderness of Limousin×Leiqiong F1 generation was better compared with other three groups, while Simmental×Leiqiong F1 generation had the worst meat tenderness. The eye muscle area of Simmental×Leiqiong F1 generation was larger than that of Leiqiong yellow cattle. The eye muscle area of Angus×Leiqiong F1 generation was larger compared with other three groups. The shortcoming of white beef in Leiqiong yellow cattle was improved in the F1 generation of three hybrid groups. The essential amino acid contents of Limousin×Leiqiong F1 generation, Angus×Leiqiong F1 generation and Leiqiong yellow cattle were not significantly different, while the essential amino acid content of Simmental×Leiqiong F1 generation was significantly lower than that of Leiqiong yellow cattle.

Conclusion
Limousin cattle has a better overall performance in improving the body shape, growth rate and meat quality of Leiqiong yellow cattle.
- Leiqiong yellow cattle /
- F1 hybrid /
- growth performance /
- meat quality

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表 1 雷琼黄牛与不同品种肉牛杂交F1代生长发育性状¹⁾

Table 1 Growth and developmental traits of F1 hybrids of Leiqiong yellow cattle and different breeds of beef cattle

牛龄 Age	品种 Breed	体质量/kg Body weight	体高/cm Body height	十字部高/cm Hip croop height	体斜长/cm Body length	胸围/cm Chest measurement
初生 Birth	西雷杂 Simmental×Leiqiong	28.24±0.51Aab	65.57±0.78Aab	69.00±1.02Bb	57.71±0.92Aab	70.43±0.61Aab
	利雷杂 Limousin×Leiqiong	29.83±0.42Aa	66.77±0.34Aa	70.30±0.31Aa	58.93±0.62Aa	70.82±0.40Aa
	安雷杂 Angus×Leiqiong	27.95±0.32Ab	64.91±0.34Ab	68.00±0.33Bb	56.55±0.28Ab	68.36±0.24Ab
	雷琼 Leiqiong	18.58±0.35Bc	60.38±0.32Bc	62.71±0.34Cc	53.92±0.30Bc	61.35±0.40Bc
3月龄 3-month-old	西雷杂 Simmental×Leiqiong	109.50±2.32Aa	86.17±0.95Bb	91.50±1.59Bb	87.00±1.77Aab	104.83±2.90Aab
	利雷杂 Limousin×Leiqiong	112.93±1.58Aa	87.84±0.61Aa	92.57±0.75Aa	87.16±0.69Aa	106.98±1.10Aa
	安雷杂 Angus×Leiqiong	93.77±2.51Bb	84.62±0.45Bb	89.00±0.75Bb	84.54±0.33Ab	102.77±0.52Ab
	雷琼 Leiqiong	67.62±1.16Cc	76.54±0.33Cc	79.59±0.45Cc	76.96±0.34Bc	93.28±0.66Bc
6月龄 6-month-old	西雷杂 Simmental×Leiqiong	178.14±4.38Bb	95.71±1.17Bb	103.14±1.03Bb	103.00±1.94Bb	127.00±1.05Bb
	利雷杂 Limousin×Leiqiong	194.33±2.40Aa	98.44±0.46Aa	106.23±0.37Aa	108.28±0.35Aa	130.72±0.48Aa
	安雷杂 Angus×Leiqiong	160.77±2.32Cc	93.77±0.47Bb	98.77±0.67Cc	97.92±0.71Cc	122.85±1.05Bc
	雷琼 Leiqiong	140.35±0.76Dd	89.94±0.36Cc	94.74±0.35Dd	100.91±0.67Bb	119.71±0.66Cd
24月龄 24-month-old	西雷杂 Simmental×Leiqiong	357.05±14.16Bb	122.80±2.50Aab	129.00±2.81Bb	139.00±2.88Aa	175.40±1.72Bb
	利雷杂 Limousin×Leiqiong	398.37±16.32Aa	123.83±3.00Aa	132.67±3.09Aa	140.17±3.47Aa	184.50±2.28Aa
	安雷杂 Angus×Leiqiong	331.02±12.05BCb	116.80±0.97ABb	122.80±0.58Bb	125.20±2.62Bb	178.00±1.84Aa
	雷琼 Leiqiong	289.43±6.56Cc	111.62±0.91Bc	115.77±0.56Cc	120.77±1.80Bb	169.54±1.77Bb
1)相同牛龄同列数据后的不同大、小写字母分别表示差异达到0.01和0.05的显著水平(LSD法) 　1)Different capital and lowercase letters in the same column of the same age indicate the difference reaches 0.01 and 0.05 significance levels respectively (LSD method)

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表 2 雷琼黄牛与不同品种肉牛杂交F1代的肉品质物理指标¹⁾

Table 2 Physical indexes for meat qualities of F1 hybrids of Leiqiong yellow cattle and different breeds of beef cattle

品种 Breed	剪切力/kg Shearing force	眼肌面积/cm² Loin eye area	肉色
品种 Breed	剪切力/kg Shearing force	眼肌面积/cm² Loin eye area	L	a	b
西雷杂 Simmental×Leiqiong	5.80±0.25Aa	73.05±0.63Bb	34.51±0.27Bb	20.09±0.68Aa	13.72±0.75Aa
利雷杂 Limousin×Leiqiong	3.71±0.23Cc	60.30±0.43Cc	33.68±0.48Bb	16.89±0.85Bb	11.34±0.67Ab
安雷杂 Angus×Leiqiong	4.19±0.24Cc	83.20±0.55Aa	37.05±0.37Aa	16.02±0.93Bb	13.13±0.79Aab
雷琼 Leiqiong	5.00±0.20Bb	61.33±0.88Cc	31.85±0.40Cc	12.84±0.58Cc	11.66±0.74Aab
1)同列数据后的不同大、小写字母分别表示差异达到0.01和0.05的显著水平(LSD法) 　1)Different capital and lowercase letters in the same column indicate the difference reaches 0.01 and 0.05 significance levels respectively (LSD method)

下载: 导出CSV

表 5 雷琼黄牛与不同品种肉牛杂交F1代肌肉饱和脂肪酸(SFA)含量¹⁾

Table 5 Saturated fatty acid (SFA) contents in muscle of F1 hybrids of Leiqiong yellow cattle and different breeds of beef cattle w/%

品种 Breed	肉豆蔻酸 Myristic acid	棕榈酸 Palmitic acid	硬脂酸 Stearic acid	总量 Total
西雷杂 Simmental×Leiqiong	0.84±0.04Dd	24.60±0.36Aa	27.16±0.39Aa	54.24±0.69Aa
利雷杂 Limousin×Leiqiong	3.83±0.05Aa	26.88±0.11Aa	17.12±0.05BCc	50.90±0.16Cc
安雷杂 Angus×Leiqiong	2.19±0.13Cc	27.78±1.62Aa	24.22±1.68Ab	57.81±2.80Aa
雷琼 Leiqiong	2.93±0.27Bb	25.74±1.99Aa	14.34±3.56Cd	49.63±1.92Bb
1)同列数据后的不同大、小写字母分别表示差异达到0.01和0.05的显著水平(LSD法) 　1) Different capital and lowercase letters in the same column indicate the difference reaches 0.01 and 0.05 significance levels respectively (LSD method)

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表 3 雷琼黄牛与不同品种肉牛杂交F1代肌肉营养成分含量¹⁾

Table 3 Muscle nutrient contents of F1 hybrids of Leiqiong yellow cattle and different breeds of beef cattle

品种 Breed	w/%				w/(mg·kg⁻¹)
品种 Breed	水分 Water	灰分 Ash	蛋白质 Protein	脂肪 Lipid	Na	Fe	Mn	Ca	Zn
西雷杂 Simmental×Leiqiong	76.37±0.18Aa	1.06±0.04Aa	23.95±0.41Ac	7.39±0.33Cd	776.67±5.78Aa	18.37±0.78Aa	0.14±0.00Aa	64.87±1.42Aa	48.60±0.32Aa
利雷杂 Limousin×Leiqiong	71.30±0.06Ab	1.10±0.00Aa	24.46±0.17Abc	57.66±0.69Aa	608.33±1.76Aa	26.40±2.00Aa	0.11±0.00Aa	43.27±0.74Aa	38.60±0.67Aa
安雷杂 Angus×Leiqiong	74.80±0.29Aab	1.13±0.03Aa	25.74±0.25Aab	9.59±0.43Cc	559.67±7.88Aa	16.17±2.29Aa	0.14±0.00Aa	54.03±1.68Aa	34.63±0.15Aa
雷琼 Leiqiong	71.60±2.18Ab	1.07±0.03Aa	25.85±0.53Aa	25.36±0.42Bb	455.00±56.20Aa	24.17±3.67Aa	0.11±0.01Aa	21.07±4.78Aa	44.23±2.57Aa
1)同列数据后的不同大、小写字母分别表示差异达到0.01和0.05的显著水平(LSD法) 　1) Different capital and lowercase letters in the same column indicate the difference reaches 0.01 and 0.05 significance levels respectively (LSD method)

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表 4 雷琼黄牛与不同品种肉牛杂交F1代肌肉与鲜味有关的氨基酸含量¹⁾

Table 4 Amino acid contents in muscle related to umami of F1 hybrids of Leiqiong yellow cattle and different breeds of beef cattle w/%

品种 Breed	谷氨酸 Glu	甘氨酸 Gly	丙氨酸 Ala	天门冬氨酸 Asp
西雷杂 Simmental×Leiqiong	13.03±0.14Ab	4.32±0.01Aa	4.31±0.02ABb	6.94±0.04Bc
利雷杂 Limousin×Leiqiong	13.88±0.03Aab	3.01±0.06Bb	4.29±0.02Bb	7.70±0.02Ab
安雷杂 Angus×Leiqiong	14.41±0.07Aa	4.34±0.01Aa	5.38±0.02Aa	8.12±0.04Aab
雷琼 Leiqiong	14.48±0.10Aa	3.99±0.01Bb	4.85±0.02ABab	8.17±0.04Aa
1)同列数据后的不同大、小写字母分别表示差异达到0.01和0.05的显著水平(LSD法) 　1)Different capital and lowercase letters in the same column indicate the difference reaches 0.01 and 0.05 significance levels respectively (LSD method)

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表 6 雷琼黄牛与不同品种肉牛杂交F1代肌肉单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)含量¹⁾

Table 6 Monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) contents in muscle of F1 hybrids of Leiqiong yellow cattle and different breeds of beef cattle w/%

品种 Breed	肉豆蔻油酸 Myristoleic acid	棕榈油酸 Palmitoleic acid	油酸 Oleic acid	异油酸 Isooleic acid
西雷杂 Simmental×Leiqiong	0.55±0.02Ab	1.51±0.05Bb	27.23±1.67Cc	2.95±0.42Aa
利雷杂 Limousin×Leiqiong	1.07±0.01Aa	5.05±0.04Aa	39.11±0.14Aa	0.53±0.05Bc
安雷杂 Angus×Leiqiong	0.51±0.01Ab	1.71±0.13Bb	33.32±2.37Bb	1.33±0.17Ab
雷琼 Leiqiong	0.69±0.18Ab	3.93±0.68Bb	33.50±2.37Bb	1.73±0.58Ab
1)同列数据后的不同大、小写字母分别表示差异达到0.01和0.05的显著水平(LSD法) 　1) Different capital and lowercase letters in the same column indicate the difference reaches 0.01 and 0.05 significance levels respectively (LSD method)

下载: 导出CSV

表 7 雷琼黄牛与不同品种肉牛杂交F1代肌肉多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量¹⁾

Table 7 Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) contents in muscle of F1 hybrids of Leiqiong yellow cattle and different breeds of beef cattle w/%

品种 Breed	亚油酸 Linoleic acid	α−亚麻酸 α-linolenic acid	花生四烯酸 Arachidonic acid
西雷杂 Simmental×Leiqiong	7.52±0.97Aa	0.68±0.06Bb	2.03±0.22Aa
利雷杂 Limousin×Leiqiong	1.48±0.02Bb	0.39±0.02Bc	0.12±0.01Bb
安雷杂 Angus×Leiqiong	4.20±0.57Bb	0.81±0.14Bb	0.15±0.01Bb
雷琼 Leiqiong	6.60±1.80Aa	1.94±0.55Aa	0.49±0.05Bb
1)同列数据后的不同大、小写字母分别表示差异达到0.01和0.05的显著水平(LSD法) 　1) Different capital and lowercase letters in the same column indicate the difference reaches 0.01 and 0.05 significance levels respectively (LSD method)

下载: 导出CSV

表 8 雷琼黄牛与不同品种肉牛杂交F1代肌肉必需氨基酸含量¹⁾

Table 8 Essential amino acid contents in muscle of F1 hybrids of Leiqiong yellow cattle and different breeds of beef cattle w/%

品种 Breed	苏氨酸 Thr	缬氨酸 Val	亮氨酸 Leu	赖氨酸 Lys	异亮氨酸 L1e	苯丙氨酸 Phe	蛋氨酸 Met	必需氨基酸 Essential amino acid
西雷杂 Simmental×Leiqiong	11.34±0.56Ac	12.91±0.31Aa	20.75±0.63Bb	23.64±0.94Bb	11.94±0.51Bb	11.82±0.42Aa	7.48±0.34Aa	88.29±0.53Bb
利雷杂 Limousin×Leiqiong	11.70±0.41Ab	12.82±0.41Aa	20.70±0.51Aa	23.40±0.61Aa	12.15±0.45Aa	12.04±0.32Aa	7.20±0.35Aa	88.89±0.35Aa
安雷杂 Angus×Leiqiong	11.95±0.22Aa	12.40±0.32Ab	20.74±0.53Aa	23.56±0.73Aa	12.18±0.31Aa	11.95±0.41Aa	7.22±0.41Aa	88.87±0.33Aa
雷琼 Leiqiong	11.94±0.31Aa	12.49±0.45Ab	20.92±0.42Aa	23.66±0.53Aa	12.05±0.42Aa	11.39±0.31Aa	7.56±0.32Aa	89.13±0.47Aa
1)同列数据后的不同大、小写字母分别表示差异达到0.01和0.05的显著水平(LSD法) 　1) Different capital and lowercase letters in the same column indicate the difference reaches 0.01 and 0.05 significance levels respectively (LSD method)

下载: 导出CSV

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