不同品种果蔗幼苗对低温的生理响应及耐寒性评价

    Physiological response and cold resistance evaluation of seedlings of different chewing cane cultivars to low temperature

    • 摘要:
      目的  低温是影响北方果蔗Saccharum officinarum L.栽培的主要限制因子,探讨低温条件下果蔗的生理响应和适应低温的生理机制,为果蔗抗寒种质资源筛选和品种改良提供理论依据。
      方法  以6个果蔗品种幼苗为试材,采用人工模拟低温环境的方法对其进行低温胁迫,测定各品种叶片的相对电导率(REC)、丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性糖(SS)、可溶性蛋白(SP)、脯氨酸(Pro)含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性的变化。以果蔗幼苗叶片各项指标的抗寒系数作为衡量抗寒性的指标,利用相关性分析、主成分分析和隶属函数分析对果蔗品种的抗寒性进行综合评价。
      结果  6个品种的REC以及SS、SP和Pro含量随着低温胁迫时间的延长而持续升高,MDA含量以及POD、SOD、CAT和APX活性先升高后降低。隶属函数法综合评价结果表明,6个果蔗品种综合抗寒性由强到弱依次为‘桂果蔗1号’>‘拔地拉’、‘闽引黄皮果蔗’>‘白玉果蔗’>‘川蔗26号’>‘龙黑果蔗’。
      结论  隶属函数法简便、准确,可作为果蔗抗寒能力鉴定的一种有效方法。不同果蔗品种对长时间持续低温的适应能力不同,果蔗的抗寒性不仅与自身的遗传因素和生理特征有关,还与外界环境因素密切相关。

       

      Abstract:
      Objective  Low temperature is the main limiting factor affecting cultivation of chewing cane (Saccharum officinarum L.) in north China. To investigate the physiological mechanisms of low temperature adaptation and physiological responses of chewing cane cultivars under low temperature stress, and provide a theoretical basis for chewing cane cold resistance germplasm screening and breed improvement.
      Method  Six chewing cane cultivars seedlings were used as test materials to determinate the effect of low temperature stress on the seedlings using the indexes such as relative conductivity(REC), malondialdehyde (MDA), soluble sugar (SS), soluble protein (SP) and proline (Pro) contents and superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase(APX) activities in artificial simulation low temperature environment. Taking cold resistant coefficient of each physiological index of chewing cane leaves as the index to measure cold resistance capacity, and cold resistance of chewing cane cultivars were comprehensively evaluated using correlation analysis, principal component analysis and membership function analysis based on cold resistant coefficients of these indexes. Evaluations of cold tolerance of six chewing cane cultivars seedlings were made through fuzzy membership function analysis.
      Result  With the extension of low temperature stress time, the REC, SS, SP and Pro contents of six chewing cane cultivar seedling leaves kept the overall rising trend, and the MDA content, the activities of SOD, POD, CAT and APX showed the trend of increasing at first and then decreasing. The cold tolerance order of comprehensive evaluation was ‘Guiguozhe1’>‘Badila’=‘Minyinhuangpiguozhe’>‘Baiyuguozhe’>‘Chuanzhe26’>‘Longheiguozhe’.
      Conclusion  Membership function analysis is simple and accurate, which can be used as an effective method to identify cold hardiness of chewing cane. The adaptabilities of different chewing cane cultivars to long lasting low temperature are different. The cold resistance of chewing cane is not only related to its own genetic factors and physiological characteristics, but also closely related to the external environmental factors.

       

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