Abstract: According to the characteristics of topography, landforms and the situation of engagement in agricultural work in Japan, the aerial spraying method has been developed from using manned helicopter to mainly using unmanned helicopter. Several types of unmanned helicopter for agricultural plant protection, such as R50, RMAX, RAMX ⅡG and FAZER, have been generated at different periods for application in rice plant protection. Japanese scholars did extensive research on aerial remote sensing technology, precision navigation technology and unmanned helicopter control technology. A practical management system of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) for plant protection has been developed insuring healthy and organized development of agricultural aviation in Japan. This paper is aimed to provide introduction about the state of agricultural aviation and its application area, precise spraying technology and management methods in Japan, and offer guidance for developing agricultural aviation technology in China.