Nutrient element contents of root bleeding sap of soybeans at late growth stages
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摘要:目的
研究不同产量水平的大豆Glycine max (L.) Merr.品种生育后期根系伤流液中氮素等养分元素含量的变化规律，以期为大豆育种和高产栽培提供生理依据。
方法以3种不同产量水平(低、中、高产)的大豆品种为试验材料，栽培管理条件相同，测定开花期(R2期)、结荚期(R4期)和鼓粒期(R6期)大豆根系伤流强度及伤流液中氮素(总氮、硝态氮、铵态氮和氨基酸)以及磷、钾、钙和钠等养分含量。
结果整个生育后期高产大豆品种根系伤流强度、总氮、氨基酸含量明显高于中、低产品种，平均值分别高13.4%和24.0%、31.9%和74.2%、46.3%和81.0%。根系伤流液中硝态氮含量高于低产品种，平均值高19.9%；铵态氮含量低于低产品种，平均值低16.5%；根系养分元素磷、钾、钙含量均高于中、低产品种。不同产量水平的大豆品种伤流强度的最高值均出现在R4期，R4期籽粒产量与伤流强度呈极显著正相关(r=0.765**)；根系伤流液中总氮和氨基酸含量在R2期达最高值，磷、钾在R4期含量最高。
结论在开花期以后，高产大豆品种根系代谢旺盛，具有较强的吸收能力和活力，这可能是大豆高产的关键因素。
Abstract:ObjectiveTo explore changes of nitrogen and nutrient element contents of root bleeding saps of soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] with different yield levels at late growth stages, and provide a physiological basis for soybean breeding and high-yielding cultivation.
MethodSoybean cultivars with three different yield levels (low-, middle- and high-yielding) were planted under the same cultivation condition. Root bleeding intensity, the contents of nitrogen compounds (total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and amino acids) and other nutrient elements (P, K, Ca and Na) in root bleeding saps of soybeans were measured at flowering (R2), podding (R4) and seed-filling (R6) stages respectively.
ResultRoot bleeding intensities, total nitrogen and amino acid contents of high-yielding cultivars were 13.4% and 24.0%, 31.9% and 74.2%, 46.3% and 81.0% higher than those of middle- and low-yielding cultivars at late growth stages. Nitrate nitrogen content of high-yielding cultivar was 19.9% higher than that of low-yielding cultivar, while ammonium nitrogen content of high-yielding cultivar was 16.5% lower than that of low-yielding cultivar. The P, K and Ca contents of high-yielding cultivar were higher than those of low- and middle-yielding cultivars. The bleeding intensities of soybeans with different yield levels reached the maxinum values at R4 stage, and the grain yield was significantly positively correlated with bleeding intensity at R4 stage (r = 0.765**). The contents of total nitrogen and amino acid in root bleeding saps reached the maximum values at R2 stage while the contents of P and K were the highest at R4 stage.
ConclusionRoot metabolism of high-yielding cultivar was vigorous and had stronger absorption capacity and vitality, which might be the key factors to increase soybean yield.
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Keywords:
- soybean /
- late growth stage /
- bleeding sap /
- nitrogen /
- nutrient element
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图 1 不同产量水平大豆品种根伤流强度的比较
相同生育期、不同柱子上凡是有一个相同小、大写字母者，分别表示在0.05、0.01水平差异不显著(Duncan’s法)。
Figure 1. Comparison of root bleeding intensities of soybeans with different yield levels
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图 2 不同产量水平大豆品种根系伤流液中总氮含量的比较
相同生育期、不同柱子上凡是有一个相同小、大写字母者，分别表示在0.05、0.01水平差异不显著(Duncan’s法)。
Figure 2. Comparison of total nitrogen contents in root bleeding sap of soybeans with different yield levels
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图 3 不同产量水平大豆品种根系伤流液中NO3––N含量的比较
相同生育期、不同柱子上凡是有一个相同小写字母者，表示在0.05水平差异不显著(Duncan’s法)。
Figure 3. Comparison of nitrate nitrogen content in root bleeding sap of soybeans with different yield levels
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图 4 不同产量水平大豆品种根系伤流液中NH4+–N含量的比较
相同生育期、不同柱子上凡是有一个相同小、大写字母者，分别表示在0.05、0.01水平差异不显著(Duncan’s法)。
Figure 4. Comparison of ammonium nitrogen contents in root bleeding sap of soybeans with different yield levels
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图 5 不同产量水平大豆品种根系伤流液中AA含量的比较
相同生育期、不同柱子上凡是有一个相同小、大写字母者，分别表示在0.05、0.01水平差异不显著(Duncan’s法)。
Figure 5. Comparison of amino acid contents in root bleeding sap of soybeans with different yield levels
表 1 不同产量水平的大豆品种
Table 1 The soybean cultivars with different yield levels
产量水平 品种 产量/(kg·hm–2) 高产 长农16号 3 370 吉农19号 3 251 吉育95号 3 013 中产 吉林35号 2 445 吉林36号 2 409 吉林38号 2 535 低产 吉林5号 1 714 吉林8号 1 840 吉林16号 2 008 
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表 2 不同产量水平大豆品种根系伤流液中养分元素含量的比较1)
Table 2 Comparison of nutrient element contents in root bleeding sap of soybeans with different yield levels
养分元素 生育期 w/ (mg·g–1) 高产品种 中产品种 低产品种 P R2 66.7±3.98a 54.5±2.46a 49.5±4.73a R4 121.1±10.90a 108.6±7.61b 101.5±8.61b R6 94.7±6.84a 83.6±7.97b 79.3±4.12c K R2 170.1±11.91a 163.2±5.19a 157.8±11.16a R4 363.1±19.98a 325.8±16.29b 322.4±22.6b R6 292.9±11.72a 265.8±21.3b 247.2±17.5c Ca R2 59.1±6.51a 58.5±5.27a 54.6±4.94b R4 72.3±7.95a 70.5±5.53b 63.3±5.26c R6 56.3±3.38a 49.5±3.96b 52.6±5.13c Na R2 15.4±1.39a 17.1±0.65b 19.9±8.45c R4 29.1±1.74a 38.4±4.11b 31.7±1.15c R6 66.7±3.98a 33.1±1.51b 32.2±2.42b 1) 同行数据后凡是有一个相同小写字母者，表示差异不显著 (P>0.05，Duncan’s 法)。
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