Effects of longevity of controlled-release fertilizer on N2O emission reduction in bare soil and banana-planted soil
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摘要:目的
研究不同肥效期的控释肥对裸地和栽培作物土壤N2O减排效果的影响，为进一步研究大田条件下的减排效果提供参考。
方法通过盆栽试验，采用静态箱法和气相色谱分析技术，对比研究了1、3、5个月3个肥效期的植物油包膜控释肥(CRF 1Mon、CRF 3Mon和CRF 5Mon)及其核心复合肥分别在裸地和栽培香蕉土壤中的N2O日排放通量和累积排放量。
结果控释肥肥效期显著影响N2O排放峰数量、最大排放峰通量、累积排放量及增温潜势。裸地时，CRF 1Mon、CRF 3Mon和CRF 5Mon排放峰数量分别为5、3和3个，出峰时间均为监测的中后期，最大排放峰通量为CRF 1Mon＞CRF 3Mon＞CRF 5Mon，CRF 3Mon和CRF 5Mon的累积排放量显著低于CRF 1Mon；栽培香蕉时，仅CRF 1Mon和CRF 3Mon在监测前期有明显的N2O排放峰，分别为1和3个，累积排放量为CRF 1Mon＞CRF 3Mon＞CRF 5Mon。施用肥效期长的控释肥对栽培香蕉土壤的N2O减排效果优于裸地，裸地时累积排放量降幅为24.06%~52.81%，栽培香蕉土壤的累积排放量降幅为54.22%~75.34%。
结论施用肥效期长的控释肥以及栽培作物是减少土壤N2O排放、降低温室效应的有效措施。
Abstract:ObjectiveTo study effects of longevity of controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) on mitigation of N2O emission from bare soil and banana-planted soil, and to provide references for further research on mitigation of N2O emission from the field.
MethodUsing static chamber-GC technique, pot experiment was conducted to study N2O fluxes and cumulative emission from bare soil and banana-planted soil fertilized with CRF of 1, 3 and 5 months longevity (marked as CRF 1Mon, CRF 3Mon and CRF 5Mon respectively).
ResultCRF longevity significantly affected the number of emission peaks, maximum emission peak flux, cumulative emissions and global warming potential of N2O from bare soil and banana-planted soil. There were 5, 3 and 3 N2O emission peaks of CRF 1Mon, CRF 3Mon and CRF 5Mon from bare soil in the middle and later stages. Maximum emission peak flux decreased in order of CRF 1Mon > CRF 3Mon > CRF 5Mon. The cumulative emissions of CRF 3Mon and CRF 5Mon were significantly lower than that of CRF 1Mon. There were 1 and 3 N2O emission peaks of CRF 1Mon and CRF 3Mon from banana-planted soil only in the early stage. N2O cumulative emissions decreased in order of CRF 1Mon > CRF 3Mon > CRF 5Mon. Prolonged CRF application was more effective on reducing N2O emission from banana-planted soil than that from bare soil. The cumulative emission decreased by 24.06% to 52.81% in bare soil, and decreased by 54.22% to 75.34% in banana-planted soil.
ConclusionProlonged CRF application and crop planting can help effectively reduce soil N2O emission and the greenhouse effect.
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Keywords:
- controlled-release fertilizer /
- longevity /
- banana cultivation /
- N2O emission
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图 1 控释肥静水条件下氮素释放特征
Figure 1. Nitrogen release characteristics of controlled-release fertilizer under water condition
表 1 控释肥肥效期对香蕉吸氮量及氮素利用率的影响1)
Table 1 Effect of controlled-release fertilizer longevity on banana nitrogen uptake and nitrogen use efficiency
处理 吸氮量/ (g·盆-1) 氮素利用率/% CRF 1Mon 1.43±0.06 a 63.82±3.08 a CRF 3Mon 1.37±0.12 a 60.76±6.39 a CRF 5Mon 1.24±0.04 b 54.15±2.07 b CF 1.42±0.08 a 63.30±3.92 a 1) 表中数据均为3次重复的平均值±标准误；同列数据后，凡是有一个相同字母者，表示肥料处理间差异不显著(Duncan’s法，P＞0.05)。 
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表 2 控释肥肥效期对N2O平均排放通量的影响1)
Table 2 Effect of controlled-release fertilizer longevity on mean N2O flux
mg·m-2·h-1 处理 裸地 栽培香蕉土壤 平均值 CK 0.11±0.00c(b) 0.16±0.02e(a) 0.14d CRF 1Mon 1.92±0.07a(a) 1.18±0.03b(b) 1.55b CRF 3Mon 1.28±0.07b(a) 0.93±0.03c(b) 1.11c CRF 5Mon 1.29±0.02b(a) 0.71±0.01d(b) 1.00c CF 1.95±0.06a(b) 2.37±0.13a(a) 2.16a 平均值 1.31(a) 1.07(b) 1) 表中数据为3次重复的平均值±标准误；同列数据后，凡是有一个相同字母者表示不同肥料处理间差异不显著(Duncan’s法，P＞0.05)；同行数据后括号内，凡是有一个相同字母者表示栽培香蕉与裸地间差异不显著(Duncan’s法，P＞0.05)。
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表 3 控释肥肥效期对N2O累积排放量、增温潜势和排放系数的影响1)
Table 3 Effects of controlled-release fertilizer longevity on cumulative emission, global warming potential, and emission coefficient of N2O
处理 N2O累积排放量2)/(mg·盆-1) 增温潜势/(g·m-2) 排放系数/% 裸地 栽培香蕉土壤 平均值 裸地 栽培香蕉土壤 平均值 裸地 栽培香蕉土壤 平均值 CRF 1Mon 227.03±8.39a 77.77±1.93b 152.40b 2 290.85±79.66a 857.42±18.28b 1 574.14b 7.41±0.27a 2.40±0.06b 4.91b CRF 3Mon 146.58±9.04b 58.81±2.06c 102.70c 1 527.41±85.78b 677.52±19.54c 1 102.46c 4.78±0.29b 1.78±0.07c 3.28c CRF 5Mon 147.54±2.50b 41.88±0.42d 94.71c 1 536.44±23.72b 516.86±4.01d 1 026.65c 4.81±0.08b 1.23±0.01d 3.02c CF 231.53±7.40a 169.86±9.72a 200.69a 2 333.57±70.25a 1 731.43±92.23a 2 032.50a 7.56±0.24a 5.41±0.32a 6.49a 平均值 188.17(a) 87.08(b) 1 922.06(a) 945.81(b) 6.14(a) 2.70(b) 1) 表中数据为3次重复的平均值±标准误；同列数据后，凡是有一个相同字母者表示不同肥料处理间差异不显著(Duncan’s法，P＞0.05)；同行数据后括号内，凡是有一个相同字母者表示栽培香蕉土壤与裸地间差异不显著(Duncan’s法，P＞0.05); 2) N2O累积排放量为施肥后增加的累积排放量，即扣除无肥对照的累积排放量。
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