Effects of sink-limiting treatment on grain filling characteristics and yield of Fagopyrum esculentum
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摘要:目的
明确荞麦Fagopyrum esculentum Moench的源库关系。
方法以荞麦品种丰甜1号为材料，在开花后7 d进行减库处理(剪去未开花朵与花序)，以未处理的作对照，测定荞麦的主要农艺性状和代谢产物的含量，并使用Richards方程模拟种子的灌浆进程。
结果灌浆中前期减库处理，荞麦叶片可溶性糖和叶绿素含量与对照差异不显著，成熟期株高、分枝数、主茎节数与对照差异不显著。减库处理有利于荞麦灌浆中前期籽粒碳水化合物的快速积累，但成熟期单株粒数和单株粒质量与对照差异不显著，且产量显著下降。减库处理和对照曲线方程的决定系数R2分别为0.996和0.992，拟合度较好。
结论Richards生长曲线能较好拟合荞麦灌浆进程; 源不足或光合产物分配不合理是限制荞麦产量提高的重要因素, 调控光合产物合成及有效分配是提高甜荞产量的有效途径。
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关键词:
- 荞麦 /
- 减库处理 /
- 灌浆特性 /
- Richards方程 /
- 产量
Abstract:ObjectiveTo explore the source-sink relationship in buckwheat(Fagopyrum esculentum Moench).
MethodThe common buckwheat cultivar Fengtian 1 was selected as material. Treatment(cutting the unopened flowers and inflorescences) was conducted at the 7th day after flowering, and non-treatment was used as control. The major agronomic characteristics and metabolite contents were measured, and the grain filling process was evaluated with Richards mathematical equation.
ResultThere was no significant difference in the contents of soluble sugar and chlorophyll between sink-limiting treatment and control during the early-middle grain filling, as well as the plant height, branch number, node number at maturity. The carbohydrate accumulation was accelerated during the early-middle grain filling under sink-limiting treatment. However, there was no significant difference in the grain number per plant and grain weight per plant between sink-limiting treatment and control. Compared with control, the yield of treatment significantly decreased. The determination coefficients (R2 )of treatment and control were 0.996 and 0.992 respectively, which showed that the Richards growth curve well reflected buckwheat grain filling process.
ConclusionThe Richards growth curve is suitable for estimating buckwheat grain filling process. The insufficient source or unreasonable distribution of photosynthate is an important limiting factor for buckwheat yield improvement. Adjusting photosynthate synthesis and allocation should be effective to increase buckwheat yield.
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图 1 减库处理下灌浆期丰甜1号淀粉的积累
*表示相同时间处理与对照差异显著(P＜0.05, t检验)。
Figure 1. Changes of starch contents in Fengtian 1 during grain filling after sink-limiting treatment
表 1 减库处理后丰甜1号叶片代谢物质含量变化1)
Table 1 Changes of metabolite contents in leaves of Fengtian 1 after sink-limiting treatment
处理 w(叶绿素)/ (mg·g-1) 叶绿素a/b w(可溶性糖)/% w(可溶性蛋白)/ (mg·g-1) 7 d 14 d 21 d 28 d 7 d 14 d 21 d 28 d 7 d 14 d 21 d 28 d 7 d 14 d 21 d 28 d 减库 1.77a 1.78a 0.65a 0.10a 4.19a 4.06a 3.53a 2.84a 5.65a 5.61a 6.16a 5.56a 4.35a 6.46a 6.58a 6.02a 对照 1.79a 1.84a 0.62a 0.05b 4.02b 4.00a 3.44b 2.89a 5.64a 5.76a 6.12a 5.60a 3.63b 6.54a 6.35b 5.81b 1) 同列数据后凡是有一个相同小写字母者，表示差异不显著(P＞0.05，Duncan’s法)。 
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表 2 减库处理下丰甜1号籽粒灌浆Richards方程参数
Table 2 Richards equation parameters of grain filling of Fengtian 1 after sink-limiting treatment
处理 A B K N R2 R0 Tmax/d Gmax1)/(g·d-1) mmax/g I/% D/d 减库 3.67 2.283 0.116 0.340 0.996 1.012 16.37 0.135 1.551 42.28 40.21 对照 4.92 0.276 0.069 0.068 0.992 0.342 20.51 0.120 1.870 38.00 50.13 1) 按100粒计。
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表 3 籽粒灌浆阶段的划分1)
Table 3 The division of grain filling stages
处理 前期 中期 后期 t/d 速率/(g·d-1) 贡献率/% t/d 速率/(g·d-1) 贡献率/% t/d 速率/(g·d-1) 贡献率/% 减库 6.91 0.067 12.59 18.92 0.117 60.38 30.06 0.032 26.02 对照 6.02 0.069 8.40 28.97 0.104 60.94 17.14 0.057 19.87 1)t:灌浆持续时间；速率：灌浆平均速率，按100粒计；贡献率：对粒质量的贡献率。
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表 4 减库处理下丰甜1号的主要农艺性状1)
Table 4 The major agronomic characters of Fengtian 1 after sink-limiting treatment
处理 株高/cm 主茎分枝数 主茎节数 单株粒数 单株粒质量/g 产量/ (kg·hm-2) 减库 56.9a 3.3a 6.8a 49.3a 1.68a 1 192.4b 对照 57.6a 3.3a 7.0a 45.0a 1.75a 1 263.0a 1) 同列数据后凡是有一个相同小写字母者，表示差异不显著(P＞0.05，Duncan’s法)。
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