Effects of biological organic fertilizer on wax gourd wilt disease, microorganism and enzyme activities in soil
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摘要:目的
研究生物有机肥对冬瓜枯萎病的防治效果及对土壤微生物菌群和土壤酶活性的影响.
方法将生防菌剂与腐熟有机肥按比例混合制成生物有机肥(BOF)，通过盆栽试验对生物有机肥防治冬瓜枯萎病的效果进行验证.
结果和结论生物有机肥可以降低枯萎病的发生率，且随着施用量的增加效果越显著.将不施肥加病原菌处理(CPC)的防效指定为0时，施用生物有机肥的3个处理(BOF1、BOF2、BOF3)防效分别是42.27%、52.92%和70.15%，均高于防效为31.91%的有机肥处理(OF)；在有效养分相同的情况下，BOF2处理的植株株高、茎粗、叶宽和鲜质量均高于OF处理，达到显著水平，表现出明显的促生效果；施用生物有机肥后，土壤中细菌和放线菌的数量增加，真菌和尖孢镰刀菌(病原菌)的数量减少，土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶的活性均高于不施肥不加病原菌(CK)和CPC处理.表明生物有机肥能提高土壤酶活性、调节土壤微生物菌落结构、改善土壤结构和肥力状况，同时减少病害的发生.
Abstract:ObjectiveTo research the effects of the biological organic fertilizer(BOF) on controlling wax gourd wilt disease, microorganism and enzyme activities in soil.
MethodThe biological organic fertilizer(BOF) was made by mixing the mature compost with functional bacteria in proportion to identify the effects in pot experiment.
Result and conclusionThe occurrence of wax gourd wilt disease decreased by applying BOF, and along with the increasing amount of fertilizer application, the efficacy was more significant. When the disease-control effect of CPC treatment was assigned as 0, the disease-control effects of the treatments of BOF1, BOF2 and BOF3 were 42.27%, 52.92% and 70.15%, respectively, which were higher than that of disease-control effect(31.91%)of organic fertilizer treatment; With the same amount of effective nutrients, the height, stem diameter, leaf width, and fresh mass of plant in BOF2 treatment were significantly higher than that of OF treatment, which indicated that the BOF could promote the growth of wax gourd. The number of bacteria and actinomycets in soil increased significantly by BOF, while the amount of fungi and Fusarium oxysporum in soil decreased. Urease, acid phosphatase, catalase and invertase activities in soil of BOF were higher than those of CK and CPC treatment. The results showed that BOF could improve soil enzyme activities, adjust soil microbial community structure, improve the soil quality and fertility conditions, hence decrease the occurrence of the wax gourd wilt disease.
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图 1 不同处理对冬瓜枯萎病病情指数和防病效果的影响
B图柱子上凡是有一个相同小写字母者，表示差异不显著(P > 0.05, Duncan’s法).
Figure 1. Influences of different treatments on the index of wax gourd wilt disease and disease-control effect
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图 2 不同处理对土壤中尖孢镰刀菌、细菌、真菌及放线菌数量的影响
各图中相同移栽时间不同柱子上凡是有一个相同小写字母者，表示差异不显著(P > 0.05, Duncan’s法).
Figure 2. Effects of different treatments on the amount of Fusarium oxysporum, bacteria, fungi and actinomycets in soil
表 2 病情指数与土壤中主要微生物菌群数量的相关分析1)
Table 2 Correlation analysis of disease index and the number of soil microorganisms
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表 3 不同处理对土壤中脲酶活性的影响
Table 3 Effects of different treatments on enzyme activities of urease in soil
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表 4 不同处理对土壤中酸性磷酸酶活性的影响
Table 4 Effects of different treatments on enzyme activities of acid phosphatase in soil
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表 5 不同处理对土壤过氧化氢酶活性的影响1)
Table 5 Effects of different treatments on enzyme activities of catalase in soil
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表 6 不同处理对土壤蔗糖酶活性的影响
Table 6 Effects of different treatments on enzyme activities of invertase in soil
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