夏秋季红火蚁工蚁的觅食偏好性及与多态性的关系

    Dietary preference and polymorphism of Solenopsis invicta foragers in China in summer and autumn

    • 摘要: 【目的】明确在广州地区红火蚁 Solenopsis invicta 的觅食嗜好性,为我国防治红火蚁新型饵剂的研制与开发提供科学依据.【方法】2011年7—11月观察了广州桑园和荒地红火蚁工蚁觅食活动的季节差异和日动态,并分析其摄食食物类别与生境、季节的关系,比较分析了固态型、液态型或防御型工蚁的个体分布.【结果和结论】春、秋季的2种生境中,摄取固态或液态食物的红火蚁工蚁数量在2种生境或夏秋季节间存在显著差异(固态型P<0.01,液态型P<0.05),但这种差异不受生境和季节互作的影响(固态型P=0.373 3、液态型P=0.903 3).工蚁对液态食物的喜好强于固态食物,携带液态食物的工蚁的平均比例[夏季:(36.58±8.74)%,秋季:(37.60±5.16)%],显著地高于搬运固态食物的[夏季:(8.03±1.66)%,秋季:(7.30±1.71)%].取食固态食物、液态食物以及负责防御的3类工蚁的个体多态性均呈连续性偏态分布,其平均头壳宽度分别为(0.652 4± 0.007 1)、(0.636 1±0.006 2)和(0.636 3±0.006 4) mm,而且三者间无显著性差异.

       

      Abstract: 【Objective】 To identify the foraging habits of the red imported fire antSolenopsis invicta Buren in newly invaded region of Guangzhou, and to provide scientific basis for researching and developing new baits to control the fire ant. 【Method】 The diurnal dynamics and body polymorphism of foragers in the colony of the red imported fire ant were observed by using directly-dissecting underground foraging tunnel at mulberry orchard and barren land in summer and autumn in Guangzhou.【Result and conclusion】 The results showed that foraging rates of fire ant workers for liquid-or solid-food were significantly different in habitats and seasons, but no difference in interaction of two treatments. The foraging rates of dietary preference for liquid food in all treatments were significantly higher than those for solid food. The average proportion of workers carring liquid food in crop [summer: (36.58±8.74)%, autumn: (37.60±5.16)%] was significantly higher than the proportion of workers carrying solid foods [summer: (8.03±1.66)%, autumn: (7.30±1.71)%].Individual polymorphism of workers feeding solid food, liquid food and responsible for defense showed a continuity of skewed distribution. Their average head width were (0.652 4±0.007 1), (0.636 1±0.006 2) and (0.636 3±0.006 4) mm, respectively, showing no significant difference among them.

       

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