Abstract: 【Objective】To investigate the species and distribution of Melanthripidae, Thysanoptera in China. 【Method】 Collected thrips specimens from various host plants by flapping method, then mounted slides and identified the species.【Result and conclusion】 Three species of the genus Melanthrips were found in China, of which Melanthrips knechteli Priesner was a newly recorded species. Description and illustrations of the new record species, and an identifying key and the diagnostic features of the known species of Chinese Melanthrips were provided.