Abstract: In order to breed wheat varieties with high yield and high drought resistance, the drought resistance of 196 wheat germplasms was divided into six types, including Triticum turgiduum subsp.turgiduum, T.turgiduum subsp.durum, T.aestivum subsp.aestivum, T.aestivum subsp.compactum, T. aestivum subsp.Yunnanense etc. landraces and the obsolete varieties or lines of T.aestivum subsp.aestivum were evaluated using a natural drought and irrigated condition during the whole growing period in Yunnan Province and the relativity between drought resistance index (I_DR) and main agricultural traits was also analyzed. The results showed that drought resistance of Yunmai42 was higher than those of Yunmai39 and Yunxuan11-12, and it was a standard check variety for excavating materials of the high drought resistance of wheat gerplasm during whole growing period in Yunnan. Fourty-eight wheat germplasms with stronger(I_DR ≥1.1) drought resistance were screened out, which accounted for 24.2% of all the test materials, and the drought resistance of the six tyepes of materials was obvious different, whose order was T.turgiduum subsp.turgidum > T.aestivum subsp.Compactum > T. aestivum subsp.Yunnanense > T.turgiduum subsp.durum > T.aestivum subsp.aestivum > the obsolete varieties or lines. The relativity between I_DR and the number of grain per ear（r =0.525^*）, thousand kernel mass（r =-0.719^**） without irrigated condition and between I_DR and effective spikes per plant（r =-0.399^**）,thousand kernel mass（r =0.342^*）in irrigated condition was significant, which could be used as three supplementary morphological traits of identifying the drought-resistant ability of wheat varieties and materials during whole growing period.