Effect of feeding mode on reproductive performance of sow during pregnancy
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摘要:
本文旨在探究母猪妊娠期饲养方式对母猪繁殖性能的影响。以温氏种猪公司初产大白母猪为研究对象，挑选434头体况均匀一致的两批次后备母猪分为A、B两组，分别采用逐渐加料和先减料后加料的饲喂方式饲养。记录初产母猪上产床的P2点背膘和头胎繁殖数据。结果显示B组饲喂方式的母猪，头胎生产成绩优于A组，其中总产仔、活仔和健仔数分别达到14.2、12.4和10.7头。背膘为16.0~20.0 mm的母猪繁殖数据最佳。另外，B组初产母猪背膘厚达到16.0~20.0 mm的比例比A组高6.8%，且偏"肥"的母猪更少。说明对于头胎母猪妊娠期的饲养，先减料再加料的方式繁殖性能更优，综合效益更大。
Abstract:This study was aimed to explore the effects of different feeding mode for sows on the reproductive performance. In this study, 434 head of gilts were divided into A and B group according to the feeding regimes. Group A were fed in a mode of gradually increased feed intake while group B were fed in mode of high-low-high feed intake under the same environmental conditions. The back fat thickness at P2 point and number born of the first farrowing sows were recorded. The results showed that the reproductive performances of group B were better than those of group A. Total number born, number born alive, number born robust were 14.2, 12.4 and 10.7 respectively. The reproductive performances of sows with back fat thickness of 16-20 mm were the best. In addition, the ratio of sows with back fat thickness of 16-20 mm in the group B were 6.8% higher than that in the group A, and there were fewer fatty sows in the group B. It was indicated that better reproductive performance and comprehensive benefit could be achieved by feeding first farrowing sows in a mode of high-low-high feed intake during gestation period.
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Keywords:
- feeding mode /
- reproductive performance /
- first farrowing sow /
- back fat thickness
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致谢: 感谢温氏食品集团股份有限公司种猪分公司给予的支持和帮助！
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表 1 妊娠前中期与后期饲料成分比对
饲料成分 妊娠前中期 妊娠后期 m/kg 1.000 1.000 w(水)/% 12.82 12.53 粗蛋白/% 14.51 17.50 粗纤维/% 16.61 13.25 钙/% 1.05 0.90 磷/% 0.68 0.62 钠/% 0.17 0.20 猪消化能/(kJ·kg-1) 12 744 14 401 w(饲粮赖氨酸)/% 0.70 1.00 
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表 2 不同饲喂方式对大白猪繁殖性能的影响
组别 总仔/头 活仔/头 健仔/头 弱仔/头 死胎/头 畸仔/头 木乃伊/头 仔猪均重/kg A 13.3±3.1 11.9±3.3 9.6±2.7 2.2±1.9 1.0±1.6 0.1±0.3 0.4±1.0 1.1±1.5 B 14.2±3.0 12.4±3.1 10.7±2.5 1.5±1.8 1.2±1.5 0.2±0.6 0.5±1.0 1.1±0.2
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表 3 大白母猪背膘厚与繁殖性能的关系
背膘厚/mm 样本数 总仔/头 活仔/头 健仔/头 弱仔/头 死胎/头 畸仔/头 木乃伊/头 仔猪均重/kg < 16.0 31 13.6±2.7 11.5±3.7 9.9±3.2 1.3±1.5 1.5±1.9 0.2±0.6 0.6±1.5 1.1±1.9 16.0~20.0 287 13.9±3.1 12.3±3.2 10.3±2.6 1.8±1.9 1.2±1.6 0.1±0.5 0.5±0.9 1.1±0.1 >20.0 116 13.9±3.1 12.1±3.1 10.0±2.8 1.8±1.8 0.9±1.4 0.2±0.6 0.5±1.1 1.1±0.2
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表 4 不同饲喂方式对大白初产母猪背膘厚的影响
组别 背膘厚/mm 占总数比例/% 背膘厚 < 16.0 mm 背膘厚16.0~20.0 mm 背膘厚>20.0 mm A 19.65±0.03 2.5 63.0 34.5 B 18.53±0.03 11.1 68.8 20.1
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