Breeding and application of Wens WS501 swine synthetic line
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摘要:
本研究的目的是培育具有高效、高产以及大体重上市特点的配套系肉猪，以满足华南、华东、华中等地区的生猪市场需求。以数量遗传学和分子遗传学理论为指导，按照专门化品系和配套系的育种理念，采用来自国内外的瘦肉型猪种质资源，结合常规育种和分子育种方法，培育出由5个专门化品系组成、以高繁殖力和适合大体重上市为主要特点的温氏WS501猪配套系。三系配套母本W352繁殖性能好，母猪头胎和经产总产仔数分别为12.86和13.10头，产活仔数分别为11.71和12.00头，初生窝重分别为14.59和15.96 kg。五系配套生产的WS501肉猪校正100 kg背膘厚11.0 mm，达100 kg体重日龄147 d，30~100 kg日增重1 004 g，饲料转化率2.12，100 kg体重胴体瘦肉率65.8%，变异系数小于10%。WS501配套系肉猪肌肉发达、生长快、饲料转化率高、瘦肉率高、肉质优良，适合大体重上市，综合经济效益好。该配套系种猪可以在我国规模化养猪生产中广泛应用。
Abstract:The goal of this study is to breed a swine synthetic line with the characteristics of high efficiency, high productivity and large body weight for marketing.Guided by the theory of quantitative genetics and molecular genetics, we adopted the method of combining conventional breeding with marker assisted selection to breed a swine synthetic line named WS501, which consisted of five specialized lines with high productivity and large body weight for marketing, from domestic and abroad germplasm resources. High reproductive performance were observed in W352 sows, indicating that the average litter size of first-born and multiparous sows were 12.86 and 13.10 respectively, the number born alive were 11.71 and 12.00 respectively, and the litter birth weight were 14.59 and 15.96 kg respectively. Testing results of WS501 commercial pig showed that the adjusted back fat thickness at 100 kg was 11.0 mm, the time to reach 100 kg body weight was 147 d, the average daily gain from 30 to 100 kg was 1 004 g, feed conversion ratio was 2.12, carcass lean percentage at 100 kg body weight was 65.8%, and the variation coefficient of these traits were below 10%. W501 commercial pig has the characteristics of muscularity, fast growth, high feed conversion ratio, high lean percentage and good meat quality. It is suitable for marketing at large body weight, and good comprehensive economic benefit can be obtained. It can be widely used in large-scale pig production in China.
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Keywords:
- pig /
- synthetic line /
- five-way cross
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表 1 两种终端公猪与三系母猪杂交肉猪的体型外貌评分情况
地点 配套系 数量/头 体长/分 肌肉/分 收腹/分 总体/分 苍城 WS501 99 7.67 7.68 7.46 7.66 WS502 92 7.43 7.71 7.51 7.53 闸岗 WS501 146 7.66 7.74 7.35 7.62 WS502 144 7.41 7.50 7.22 7.25 
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表 2 两种终端公猪与三系母猪杂交肉猪的生长性能测定
地点 配套系 数量/头 体长/cm 校正115 kg背膘厚/mm 校正115 kg日龄/d 苍城 WS501 99 112.5 13.96 164.2 WS502 92 108.1 13.85 169.6 闸岗 WS501 146 114.2 14.12 158.3 WS502 144 110.3 14.22 164.8
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表 3 两种终端公猪与三系母猪杂交肉猪的饲料转化率测定
地点 配套系 数量/头 始测总体重/kg 终测总体重/kg 总耗料/kg 饲料转化率 苍城 WS501 113 3 579.4 11 347.8 19 187.9 2.47 WS502 108 3 260.8 10 720.9 18 575.6 2.49 闸岗 WS501 157 5 432.5 15 611.9 24 947.5 2.45 WS502 153 5 296.7 15 085.4 24 204.8 2.47
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表 4 两种终端公猪与三系母猪杂交肉猪屠宰性能的情况
地点 配套系 数量/头 体直长/cm 背膘厚/mm 屠宰率/% 瘦肉率/% 眼肌面积/cm2 肉色/分 大理石纹/分 滴水损失/% 苍城 WS501 24 97.8 20.31 76.9 65.3 50.4 3.11 2.37 1.897 WS502 24 95.4 20.12 77.5 65.4 49.7 2.89 2.24 2.148 闸岗 WS501 28 98.1 20.47 76.9 64.9 52.9 3.03 2.33 2.473 WS502 28 94.3 20.84 76.4 64.7 53.2 2.78 2.17 2.129
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表 5 2个猪场不同配套肉猪杂交优势情况
地点 组别 配套系 校正115 kg日龄/d 杂种优势率1)/% 本身 公 母 苍城 A WS501 164.2 168.2 172.8 -3.70 B WS502 169.6 171.1 173.7 -1.62 闸岗 A WS501 158.3 164.2 172.3 -5.91 B WS502 164.8 167.1 173.4 -3.20 1)杂种优势率＝(2×本身性能－父亲性能－母亲性能)÷(父亲性能+母亲性能)×100%
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