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    不同禾虫投放密度对稻−禾虫共作系统水稻生长特性、产量和品质的影响

    Effects of different Tylorrhynchus heterochaetus stocking densities on rice growth characteristics, yield and quality in a rice–Tylorrhynchus heterochaetus co-culture system

      摘要
    • 摘要:
      目的 探究华南双季稻区不同禾虫投放密度对稻−禾虫共作系统水稻生长特性、产量和品质的影响，为优化稻−禾虫共作技术提供参考。
      方法 在2023年开展早、晚两季的田间试验，设置4个处理：常规水稻单作(CK)、300尾/m2禾虫(M1)、600尾/m2禾虫(M2)及900尾/m2禾虫(M3)，系统探究稻−禾虫共作模式对水稻株高、分蘖数、生物量、根冠比、SPAD值、产量及其品质的影响。
      结果 在早稻的分蘖期和成熟期，M2处理的株高比其他处理显著提高9.56%~15.29%和3.56%~4.54%；在晚稻的成熟期，M2和M3处理的株高比CK显著提高4.06%和5.02%。在早稻的分蘖期、抽穗期和成熟期，M2处理的分蘖数较其他处理显著提高12.98%~29.75%；在晚稻的分蘖期和成熟期，M2处理的分蘖数较CK显著提高16.40%和20.80%。在早稻中，M2处理的生物量和根冠比较其他处理分别显著提高14.72%~33.63%和12.89%~17.79%，晚稻分别提高25.04%~50.80%和5.46%~16.05%。在早、晚稻中，M2处理的产量比其他处理分别提高21.52%~37.81%和10.13%~16.05%；整精米率较CK分别显著提高10.33%和11.19%；粒长、直径比CK处理显著提高14.16%、7.45%和1.43%、2.37%。M2处理的禾虫产量比M1和M3处理显著提高183.53%和33.16%。
      结论 在本试验条件下，600尾/m2(M2处理)禾虫投放密度最适宜水稻和禾虫生长。

       

      Abstract:
      Objective To investigate the effects of different Tylorrhynchus heterochaetus stocking densities on rice growth characteristics, yield and quality in a rice–T. heterochaetus co-culture system in the double-cropping rice region of South China, aiming to provide a reference for optimizing rice–T. heterochaetus co-culture technique.
      Method A two-season field experiment was conducted during the early and late rice seasons of 2023. Four treatments were established: Conventional rice monoculture (CK), 300 individuals/m2 (M1), 600 individuals/m2 (M2), and 900 individuals/m2 (M3). The effects of the rice–T. heterochaetus co-culture system on plant height, tiller number, biomass, root-shoot ratio, SPAD value, yield and quality of rice were systematically evaluated.
      Result During the tillering and maturity stages of early rice, the plant height of M2 treatment was significantly higher than those of other treatments by 9.56%−15.29% and 3.56%−4.54%, respectively. For late rice at maturity stage, compared to CK, M2 and M3 treatments showed significant increases in plant height by 4.06%−5.02%. For early rice during tillering, heading and maturity stages, M2 treatment significantly increased tiller number by 12.98%−29.75% compared to other treatments, while for late rice at tillering and maturity stages, it increased by 16.40% and 20.80%, respectively compared to CK. The biomass and root-shoot ratio of early rice under M2 treatment were significantly higher than those of other treatments by 14.72%−33.63% and 12.89%−17.79%, respectively; For late rice, the increases were 25.04%−50.80% and 5.46%−16.05%. The yield of early and late rice under M2 treatment increased by 21.52%−37.81% and 10.13%−16.05%, respectively, compared to other treatments; The whole milled rice rate was significantly higher than that of CK by 10.33% and 11.19%, respectively; Grain length, and diameter were significantly improved by 14.16%, 7.45% and 1.47%, 2.37% compared to CK. The yield of T. heterochaetus under M2 treatment was significantly higher than those under M1 and M3 treatments by 183.53% and 33.16%, respectively.
      Conclusion Under the conditions of this experiment, a Tylorrhynchus heterochaetus density of 600 individuals/m2 (M2 treatment) was the most suitable for promoting the growth and productivity of both rice and insects in the rice–T. heterochaetus co-culture system.

       

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