两广小花母猪<i>BMP15</i>基因多态性及其与经济性状的关联分析

周菁钰; 李念; 张笑科; 廖伟莉; 袁晓龙; 李加琪; 曾检华

doi:10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.202511039

两广小花母猪BMP15基因多态性及其与经济性状的关联分析

Genetic polymorphisms of the BMP15 gene and their associations with economic traits in Liangguang Spotted sows

摘要

摘要:
目的筛选BMP15基因与猪排卵状态、乳头数及胴体性状相关的单核苷酸多态性(Single nucleotide polymorphism，SNP)位点，为两广小花猪育种和遗传改良提供有效分子标记和参考依据。
方法以107头两广小花母猪为研究对象，在365 ± 25日龄时屠宰，测定排卵状态、乳头数和胴体性状。使用靶向测序基因型检测(Genotyping by target sequencing，GBTS)技术定位BMP15基因的SNP位点，对排卵状态、乳头数和胴体性状进行关联分析和连锁不平衡分析。
结果两广小花猪BMP15基因共检测到64个多态位点。剔除突变频率小于1%的多态位点后，得到27个SNP，其中8个位于编码区、19个位于非编码区。SNP位点关联分析表明，g.44615220G>C、g.44615222T>A、g.44615224G>C、g.44613316T>C、g.44613600T>G、g.44614611T>C和g.44615055A>G这7个位点与排卵状态显著关联(P<0.05)，g.44611375C>G、g.44613539A>G和g.44614651T>C与乳头数显著关联(P<0.05)，g.44615220G > C、g.44615222T>A和g.44615224G>C与背膘厚度显著关联(P<0.05)，g.44611375C>G、g.44611978T>C、g.44613539A>G、g.44614367A>G和g.44614651T>C与骨质量、瘦肉质量、眼肌面积、腿臀质量和皮脂率显著关联(P<0.05)。g.44613316T>C、g.44613600T>G、g.44614611T>C和g.44615055A>G与骨质量、眼肌面积、腿臀质量和板油质量显著关联(P<0.05)。SNP位点单倍型关联分析发现，g.44615220G>C(H1)、g.44615222T>A(H2)和g.44615224G>C(H3)之间存在较强的连锁效应(r²>0.9)，g.44611375C>G(H4)、g.44611978T>C(H5)、g.44613539A>G(H6)、g.44614367A>G(H7)和g.44614651T>C(H8)之间同样存在强连锁效应(r² >0.9)。单倍型组合H1H2、H1H3、H2H3与排卵状态显著关联(P<0.05)，组合H4H6、H4H8、H6H8与乳头数显著关联(P<0.05)，组合H1H2、H1H3、H2H3与背膘厚度显著关联(P<0.05)，组合H4H5、H7H8、H4H7与眼肌面积性状显著关联(P<0.05)。
结论本研究在BMP15基因筛选出12个与排卵状态、乳头数及胴体性状显著关联的SNP位点，可为未来两广小花猪分子标记选育提供理论依据。

Abstract:
Objective To identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the BMP15 gene associated with ovulation status, teat number, and carcass traits in pigs, providing effective molecular markers and reference information for the breeding and genetic improvement of Liangguang Spotted pigs.
Method A total of 107 Liangguang Spotted sows were used as experimental animals. The sows were slaughtered at 365 ± 25 days of age to assess ovulation status, teat number, and carcass traits. SNPs within the BMP15 gene were genotyped using the genotyping by target sequencing (GBTS) technology. Association analysis and linkage disequilibrium analysis were performed for ovulation status, teat number, and carcass traits.
Result A total of 64 polymorphic sites were detected in the BMP15 gene of Liangguang Spotted pigs. After excluding polymorphic sites with a mutation frequency lower than 1%, 27 SNPs were retained for association analysis, among which 8 were located in coding regions and 19 were located in non-coding regions. SNP association analysis showed that g.44615220G>C, g.44615222T>A, g.44615224G>C, g.44613316T>C, g.44613600T>G, g.44614611T>C and g.44615055A>G were significantly associated with ovulation status (P<0.05). The SNPs g.44611375C>G, g.44613539A>G and g.44614651T>C were significantly associated with teat number (P<0.05). The SNPs g.44615220G>C, g.44615222T>A and g.44615224G>C were significantly associated with backfat thickness (P<0.05). The SNPs g.44611375C>G, g.44611978T>C, g.44613539A>G, g.44614367A>G and g.44614651T>C were significantly associated with bone weight, lean meat weight, loin eye area, ham weight, and skin and fat percentage (P<0.05). The SNPs g.44613316T>C, g.44613600T>G, g.44614611T>C and g.44615055A>G were significantly associated with bone weight, loin eye area, ham weight, and leaf fat weight (P<0.05). Haplotype association analysis of SNP loci revealed strong linkage disequilibrium among g.44615220G>C (H1), g.44615222T>A (H2) and g.44615224G>C (H3) (r² >0.9), and similarly strong linkage disequilibrium among g.44611375C>G (H4), g.44611978T>C (H5), g.44613539A>G (H6), g.44614367A>G (H7) and g.44614651T>C (H8) (r² >0.9). The haplotype combinations H1H2, H1H3 and H2H3 were significantly associated with ovulation status (P<0.05). The combinations H4H6, H4H8 and H6H8 showed significant associations with teat number (P<0.05). The combinations H1H2, H1H3 and H2H3 were significantly associated with backfat thickness (P<0.05). The combinations H4H5, H7H8 and H4H7 were significantly associated with loin eye area (P<0.05).
Conclusion This study identified 12 SNPs in the BMP15 gene that are significantly associated with ovulation status, teat number, and carcass traits, providing a theoretical basis for future molecular marker-assisted selection in Liangguang Spotted pigs.

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