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    5种杀菌剂对荔枝霜疫霉生长发育的抑制作用研究

    Inhibitory effects of five fungicides on the growth and development of Peronophythora litchii

      摘要
    • 摘要:
      目的 分析防治卵菌病害常用杀菌剂对荔枝霜疫霉Peronophythora litchii生长发育各阶段的影响，为荔枝霜疫病的精准防治提供依据。
      方法 利用生长速率法和显微观察技术分析吡唑醚菌酯、代森锰锌、烯酰吗啉、甲霜灵和霜霉威盐酸盐对6株荔枝霜疫霉的菌丝生长、孢囊梗形态、孢子囊形成、游动孢子释放、休止孢萌发和卵孢子形成的影响。
      结果 吡唑醚菌酯对荔枝霜疫霉多个生长发育阶段均具有较强抑制效果，其抑制菌丝生长、孢子囊形成、游动孢子释放、休止孢萌发和卵孢子形成的半最大效应浓度(Half maximal effective concentration, EC50)为0.003~0.270 μg/mL。烯酰吗啉抑制菌丝生长、孢子囊形成、休止孢萌发和卵孢子形成的EC50为0.017~1.834 μg/mL，抑制荔枝霜疫霉休止孢萌发的效果较弱；甲霜灵抑制菌丝生长、孢子囊和卵孢子形成的EC50为0.005~0.037 μg/mL，同样难以抑制休止孢萌发。代森锰锌抑制荔枝霜疫霉菌丝生长、孢子囊释放游动孢子、休止孢萌发的EC50为0.993~42.151 μg/mL。霜霉威盐酸盐抑制荔枝霜疫霉菌丝生长和孢子囊产生的EC50为26.988~519.308 μg/mL，难以抑制孢子囊释放游动孢子和休止孢萌发，但质量浓度大于50 μg/mL时可导致孢囊梗畸形和分枝减少。
      结论 本研究明确了吡唑醚菌酯、烯酰吗啉、甲霜灵、代森锰锌和霜霉威盐酸盐对荔枝霜疫霉生长发育各关键阶段的抑制特性差异，为阐释各类杀菌剂的抗卵菌病害机理提供了试验支撑，为荔枝霜疫病的精准、科学防控提供了重要理论依据与实践指导。

       

      Abstract:
      Objective  This study aims to analyze the effects of commonly used fungicides against oomycete pathogens on various developmental stages of Peronophythora litchii, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the precise management of litchi downy blight.
      Method The effects of pyraclostrobin, mancozeb, dimethomorph, metalaxyl and propamocarb hydrochloride on the mycelial growth, sporangiophore morphology, sporangium production, zoospore release, cyst germination and oospore production of six strains of P. litchii were investigated using the growth rate method and microscopic observation techniques.
      Result Pyraclostrobin exhibited strong inhibitory effects on multiple developmental stages of P. litchii, with half maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 0.003–0.270 μg/mL for mycelial growth, sporangium formation, zoospore release, cyst germination and oospore production. Dimethomorph inhibited mycelial growth, sporangium production, cyst germination and oospore formation, with EC50 of 0.017–1.834 μg/mL; however, its effect on inhibiting cyst germination was relatively weak. Metalaxyl was effective against mycelial growth, sporangium formation and oospore production, with EC50 of 0.005–0.037 μg/mL; similarly, this fungicide was less effective in inhibiting cyst germination. Mancozeb affected mycelial growth, zoospore release from sporangia and cyst germination, with EC50 of 0.993–42.151 μg/mL. Propamocarb hydrochloride inhibited mycelial growth and sporangium production, with EC50 of 26.988–519.308 μg/mL; it was ineffective in inhibiting zoospore release and cyst germination. However, at concentrations above 50 μg/mL, it caused sporangiophore malformation and reduced branching.
      Conclusion This study reveals the differences in the inhibitory characteristics of pyraclostrobin, dimethomorph, metalaxyl, mancozeb and propamocarb hydrochloride on the key developmental stages of P. litchii, providing experimental evidence to elucidate the mechanism of action of different fungicides against oomycete diseases, as well as a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the precise and scientific control of litchi downy blight.

       

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