Abstract: Rational dense planting is a simple, direct, and effective key agronomic measure to regulate the number of effective panicles and promote the average yield of rice on a large scale. This paper systematically elaborated on the importance and influencing factors of rational dense planting in rice, and pointed out effect of dense planting on the diseases, pests, and lodging. A cultivation technology of rational dense planting with increasing both yield and resource use efficiency of rice was proposed, featuring "dense planting and reducing nitrogen rate, water-saving and humidity control, multiple promotion with one spray, disease reduction and lodging resistance, as well as quality and efficiency improvement". The key points of this technology were summarized, and development directions were discussed. It aimed at providing a theoretical basis and technical guidance for increasing rice average yield on a largescale.