番石榴枝枯病菌生物学特性及防治药剂筛选

吴彩瑶; 杨文莉; 何龚雯; 杨桂琴; 朱梨梨; 韦凤月; 李敏慧; 姜大刚

doi:10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.202507031

番石榴枝枯病菌生物学特性及防治药剂筛选

Biological characteristics of the guava twig blight pathogen and screening of its control fungicides

摘要

摘要:
目的明确番石榴枝枯病菌Neopestalotiopsis egyptiaca的生物学特性，并筛选出有效的防治药剂，为番石榴枯枝病的防治提供理论依据。
方法通过单因素试验测定了不同培养条件对N. egyptiaca生长及分生孢子萌发的影响，并采用菌丝生长速率法测定6种常用化学药剂对其的抑制效果。
结果 25 ℃、pH 5.0、24 h光照的环境有利于N. egyptiaca菌丝的生长；在20 ℃、pH 10.0、12 h光照的条件下，该菌的产孢能力显著增强；25 ℃、pH 7.0的条件有利于孢子的萌发；此外，菌丝和分生孢子均具有一定的耐盐性。供试的6种杀菌剂中，甲基硫菌灵和吡唑醚菌酯的抑菌效果较好，半最大效应浓度(Half maximal effective concentration, EC₅₀)分别为0.698 6和1.405 4 μg·mL⁻¹；其次为春雷霉素和代森锰锌，EC₅₀分别为244.477 1和365.990 5 μg·mL⁻¹。
结论番石榴枝枯病菌N. egyptiaca适应性强，可在较宽的温度和pH范围内生长；室内毒力测定结果表明，甲基硫菌灵和吡唑醚菌酯抑菌效果最佳，可作为其田间防控的优选药剂。

Abstract:
Objective This study aims to clarify the biological characteristics of Neopestalotiopsis egyptiaca, the causal agent of guava twig blight, and screen effective fungicides to provide a theoretical basis for disease control.
Method The effects of different culture conditions on fungal growth and conidial germination were determined through single-factor experiments. The inhibitory effects of six common chemical fungicides were evaluated using the mycelial growth rate method.
Result The optimal mycelial growth was observed at 25 ℃, pH 5.0, and under 24 h light exposure. In contrast, sporulation was significantly enhanced at 20 ℃, pH 10.0, and under 12 h light conditions. The optimal conidial germination occurred at 25 ℃ and pH 7.0. Furthermore, both mycelia and conidia exhibited certain salt tolerance. Among the six tested fungicides, thiophanate-methyl and pyraclostrobin showed the strongest inhibitory effects, with half maxmal effective concentration (EC₅₀) of 0.6986 and 1.4054 μg·mL⁻¹, respectively. Kasugamycin and mancozeb also demonstrated inhibitory activity, with EC₅₀ of 244.4771 and 365.9905 μg·mL⁻¹, respectively.
Conclusion N. egyptiaca exhibits strong adaptability, thriving across a wide range of temperatures and pH levels. In vitro toxicity tests indicate that thiophanate-methyl and pyraclostrobin are the most effective fungicides and should be prioritized for field control.

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