太行山前平原不同灌溉方式对冬小麦耗水规律及产量的影响

王晓燕; 尹德超; 王雨山; 陈丽

doi:10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.202506024

太行山前平原不同灌溉方式对冬小麦耗水规律及产量的影响

Effects of different irrigation modes on water consumption and yield of winter wheat in the piedmont plain of Taihang Mountain

摘要

摘要:
目的在太行山前平原开展不同灌溉模式对冬小麦耗水规律和产量的影响研究，为优选出研究区适宜的农业节水灌溉模式提供参考。
方法本研究设计浅埋滴灌、地表滴灌和管灌3种灌溉方式和不同灌溉额度(滴灌灌溉水平设计为60%ET_C、80%ET_C和100%ET_C，管灌灌溉水平设计为80%ET_C、100%ET_C和120%ET_C；ET_C为作物灌溉需水量)的组合对比试验，对不同试验田小区灌溉入渗、气象、蒸发及不同深度土壤含水量进行监测，对不同灌溉模式下土壤含水量分布特征、作物长势、耗水量和产量进行对比分析。
结果冬小麦耗水量表现为浅埋滴灌<地表滴灌<管灌；在同等灌溉量下，浅埋滴灌和地表滴灌的冬小麦长势和产量明显优于管灌模式。综合冬小麦产量和耗水量，与管灌SY8处理(传统灌溉模式)耗水量相比，产量较高的浅埋滴灌SY1和地表滴灌SY4、SY5分别节水376.5、253.5和591.0 m³·hm⁻²。浅埋滴灌SY1产量高于地表滴灌SY5，在耗水量和产量上表现出综合优势，在进一步优化节水前可作为研究区适宜的农业节水灌溉优化模式。
结论节水灌溉模式SY1有效减少地下水开采量，缓解区域地下水超采现状，可为下一步农业节水技术示范推广提供数据支撑。

Abstract:
Objective To study the effects of different irrigation modes on water consumption and yield of winter wheat in the sloping plain in front of Taihang Mountain, and provide a reference for optimizing the appropriate agricultural water-saving irrigation mode in the study area.
Method In this test, three irrigation modes of shallow buried drip irrigation, surface drip irrigation and pipe irrigation and different irrigation quotas (the irrigation levels for drip irrigation were set at 60%ET_C, 80%ET_C and 100%ET_C, the irrigation levels for pipe irrigation were set at 80%ET_C, 100%ET_C and 120%ET_C, ET_C is crop irrigation requirement) were combined and compared. The irrigation infiltration, meteorology, evaporation and soil water content at different depths in different experimental plots were monitored, and the distribution characteristics of soil water content, crop growth, water consumption and yield under different irrigation modes were compared and analyzed.
Result The water consumption of winter wheat was shallow buried drip irrigation<surface drip irrigation<pipe irrigation. Under the same irrigation amount, the growth and yield of winter wheat under shallow buried drip irrigation and surface drip irrigation were obviously better than those under pipe irrigation. Comprehensively considering the yield and water consumption of winter wheat, compared with pipe irrigation (SY8, traditional irrigation mode), the water consumption of shallow buried drip irrigation mode SY1 as well as surface drip irrigation modes SY4 and SY5 with higher yield saved 376.5, 253.5 and 591.0 m³·hm⁻², respectively. Shallow buried drip irrigation mode SY1 yielded higher than surface drip irrigation mode SY5, demonstrating comprehensive advantages in both water consumption and crop yield. Therefore, before further optimizing water-saving techniques, shallow buried drip irrigation mode SY1 was recommended as an optimal water-saving irrigation mode for the study area.
Conclusion The water-saving irrigation mode SY1 effectively reduces groundwater extraction, alleviates the current situation of regional groundwater overexploitation, and can provide data support for the next demonstration and promotion of agricultural water-saving technology.

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