岩藻多糖生物保水剂的合成及应用研究

    Synthesis and application of fucoidan biological superabsorbent polymer

    • 摘要:
      目的 以富含L-岩藻糖和硫酸基等亲水结构的天然岩藻多糖为原料合成保水剂,以期提高保水剂的降解和可再生能力。
      方法 以过硫酸铵(Ammonium persulfate, APS)为引发剂,N-N′亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(N,N'-Methylenebis(acrylamide), MBA)为交联剂,采用水溶液聚合技术将天然岩藻多糖接枝在丙烯酸(Arylic acid, AA) 上进行共聚反应合成岩藻多糖生物保水剂。通过单因素试验优化产品制备工艺。采用傅里叶红外光谱仪(Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, FTIR)和扫描电子显微镜(Scanning electron microscope, SEM)表征产物;通过盆栽试验检测保水剂对白菜生长的影响。
      结果 岩藻多糖和AA的最佳质量比为1∶7.5,中和度为70%,APS和MBA用量分别为AA质量的3.0%、0.2%,SEM结果表明产物具有多孔疏松的网状结构特征,且FTIR分析表明产物为岩藻多糖与丙烯酸的接枝共聚物。保水剂在去离子水、9 g∙L−1NaCl溶液中吸水倍率分别为420.9和63.8 g∙g−1;且在重复吸水、干燥6次后,吸水倍率仍为初始的70.8%。此外,土壤中添加 6 g∙kg−1保水剂的白菜生长状况最佳,植株总生物量显著增加105.5%,土壤含水量提高8.98% (P < 0.05)。
      结论 岩藻多糖生物保水剂吸水和重复使用性能良好,在土壤中添加该保水剂能够显著促进植物生长。该研究为藻类保水剂的研发及其在农业中的推广应用提供基础数据。

       

      Abstract:
      Objective To improve the degradation and renewable capacities of superabsorbent polymers (SAPs), we developed a SAP using natural fucoidan, a polysaccharide rich in hydrophilic L-fucose units and sulfated groups as a feedstock.
      Method A fucoidan biological SAP was synthesized via aqueous solution polymerization by grafting natural fucoidan onto acrylic acid (AA) monomers using ammonium persulfate (APS) as the initiator and N,N'-methylenebis(acrylamide) (MBA) as the crosslinker. The preparation process was optimized through single-factor experiments. The product was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of the SAP on cabbage growth.
      Result The optimal mass ratio of fucoidan to AA was 1∶7.5, with a neutralization degree of 70%, and APS and MBA dosages of 3.0% and 0.2% of AA mass, respectively. The SEM analysis revealed a porous and loose network structure, while FTIR confirmed the formation of a graft copolymer of fucoidan and AA. The water absorption ratios of the SAP in deionized water and 9 g∙L−1 NaCl solution were 420.9 and 63.8 g∙g−1, respectively. After six cycles of absorption and drying, the water absorption ratio remained 70.8% of its initial value. Additionally, soil amended with 6 g∙kg−1 SAP significantly enhanced Chinese cabbage growth, increasing total biomass by 105.5% and soil moisture content by 8.98% (P < 0.05).
      Conclusion The fucoidan biological SAP exhibits excellent water absorption and reusability, significantly promoting plant growth when applied to soil. This study provides foundational data for the development and agricultural application of algal-derived SAP.

       

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