稻鱼共作对不同留茬高度再生稻生长及产量的影响

    Effects of rice-fish coculture on growth and yield of ratoon rice with different stubble heights

    • 摘要:
      目的 探究华南双季稻区稻鱼共作对不同留茬高度再生稻生长及产量的影响,为再生稻−鱼共作系统的水稻栽培及茬口管理技术提供科学依据。
      方法 以‘野香优油丝’为供试再生稻品种,通过设置稻作模式(水稻单作和稻鱼共作)与再生稻的头季稻留茬高度(留茬高10和30 cm)双因素田间试验,探究稻鱼共作对头季稻不同留茬高度的再生季水稻的生长特性及产量构成因素的影响。
      结果 高留茬处理下稻鱼共作的再生季水稻产量显著高于水稻单作,稻作模式和头季稻留茬高度对再生季水稻产量具有显著的交互作用影响。稻鱼共作条件下再生季水稻有效穗数和结实率较水稻单作分别显著提高了18.2%和53.2%,但穗粒数平均显著降低了17.9%,表明稻鱼共作通过提高再生稻群体有效穗数和结实率来弥补其穗粒数的不足,从而提高再生季水稻的产量。头季稻收获时留茬高度显著影响再生季水稻齐穗期的叶片氮含量。头季稻成熟期根的玉米素核苷含量与成熟期叶片氮含量存在显著的正相关性,表明提高头季稻成熟期叶片氮含量可能有利于增加其根部玉米素核苷含量,从而间接促进再生季稻腋芽的萌发。
      结论 在本试验条件下,华南双季稻区若发展再生稻单作生产,头季稻收割时宜采取低留茬(10 cm)处理,若采取再生稻−鱼共作生产,头季稻收割时宜采取高留茬(30 cm)处理,这样有利于促进后续再生季水稻的生长和产量提高。

       

      Abstract:
      Objective To investigate the effects of rice-fish coculture on growth and yield of ratoon rice with different stubble heights in the double rice cropping area of South China, and provide a scientific reference for rice cultivation and stubble management technology of the ratoon rice-fish coculture system.
      Method Using‘YeXiangYouYouSi’ as the ratoon rice variety for testing, a two-factor field experiment was conducted by setting rice cropping patterns (rice monoculture and rice-fish coculture) and stubble heights of the main season rice for ratoon rice (10 and 30 cm stubble heights). The effects of rice-fish coculture on the growth characteristics and yield components of ratooning season rice with different stubble heights in the main season.
      Result Under the treatment of high stubble, the rice yield of the ratooning season was significantly higher in the rice-fish coculture than that in the rice monoculture, and the rice yield was significantly affected by the interaction of the rice cropping pattern and stubble height of the main season rice. The effective number of spikes and seed setting rate of the ratooning season rice in the rice-fish coculture significantly increased by 18.2% and 53.2% compared with those in the rice monoculture respectively, while the number of grains per spike significantly decreased by 17.9%, which indicated that the rice-fish coculture compensated for the insufficient number of grains per spike by improving the effective number of spikes and seed setting rate of ratoon rice population, thus enhancing the yields of ratooning season rice. In addition, stubble height significantly affected the leaf nitrogen content at the heading stage of the ratooning season rice. There was a significant positive correlation between the zeatin riboside content of roots at maturity and the nitrogen content of leaves at maturity of the main season rice, suggesting that increasing the nitrogen content of leaves at maturity may be beneficial to increase the zeatin riboside content of roots and thus indirectly promote axillary bud germination.
      Conclusion Under the conditions of this experiment, the low stubble (10 cm) treatment was more appropriate for the ratoon rice monoculture system, while the high stubble (30 cm) treatment was suitable for the ratoon rice-fish coculture in the double rice cropping area of South China, which might be favorable to the subsequent growth and yield improvement of the ratooning season rice .

       

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