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    彭菁菁, 潘俊峰, 汪家凯, 等. 广东省适宜“稻稻油”模式早熟甘蓝型油菜品种筛选研究[J]. 华南农业大学学报, 2024, 45(0): 1-10. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.202408019
    引用本文: 彭菁菁, 潘俊峰, 汪家凯, 等. 广东省适宜“稻稻油”模式早熟甘蓝型油菜品种筛选研究[J]. 华南农业大学学报, 2024, 45(0): 1-10. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.202408019
    shu
    PENG Jingjing, PAN Junfeng, WANG Jiakai, et al. Evaluation and selection of early-maturing winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) varieties for “rice-rice-rapeseed” cropping system in Guangdong[J]. Journal of South China Agricultural University, 2024, 45(0): 1-10. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.202408019
    Citation: PENG Jingjing, PAN Junfeng, WANG Jiakai, et al. Evaluation and selection of early-maturing winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) varieties for “rice-rice-rapeseed” cropping system in Guangdong[J]. Journal of South China Agricultural University, 2024, 45(0): 1-10. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.202408019
    shu

    广东省适宜“稻稻油”模式早熟甘蓝型油菜品种筛选研究

    Evaluation and selection of early-maturing winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) varieties for “rice-rice-rapeseed” cropping system in Guangdong

      摘要
    • 摘要:
      目的 评价筛选适宜广东“稻稻油”三熟制模式的早熟、高产、优质油菜品种，解决目前生产上轮作茬口不衔接的突出问题，促进广东粮油产能提升。
      方法 试验在双季稻冬闲田实施，以25个早熟甘蓝型油菜品种为评价材料，调查测定各品种的生育期、产量、品质等重要农艺性状，分析其与气象因子的相关性。
      结果 试验品种全生育期变幅为136~151 d，播种期至初花期、初花期至盛花期、盛花期至终花期、终花期至成熟期的生育阶段持续时间均值分别为88.0、7.2、21.1和30.0 d，大于0 ℃平均有效积温分别为1 648.4、98.3、360.3和525.3 ℃；平均产量1 832.1 kg·hm−2(变幅1 279.0~2 288.1 kg·hm−2)，平均日产量12.5 kg·hm−2 (变幅8.6~15.5 kg·hm−2)；每角粒数与产量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)；籽粒含油量(w)平均44.5%(变幅40.4%~48.4%)，蛋白质含量平均22.4%(变幅19.2%~25.4%)，油酸含量平均58.5%(变幅19.6%~73.3%)。相关分析表明，产量与播种期至初花期的平均温度和光合有效辐射均呈极显著正相关，含油量与播种期至初花期的平均温度呈显著正相关(P<0.05)、与光合有效辐射呈极显著正相关。聚类分析表明，11个不同生育期的品种属于高产类型，日产量高以及每角粒数、一次分枝数和单株有效角果数多是其主要特征。
      结论 早熟甘蓝型油菜品种在广东的适应性差别大，日产量高以及每角粒数、一次分枝数和单株有效角果数多的品种能够充分利用生育前期光温资源，有利于高产和高油性状形成，适宜在粤中与丘陵稻作区“稻稻油”模式中应用。

       

      Abstract:
      Objective  To evaluate and select the early-maturing, high-yield and high-quality rapeseed varieties suitable for the three-cropping mode of “rice-rice-oil” in Guangdong Province, solve the outstanding problem of crop rotation, and promote the improvement of grain and oil production capacity in Guangdong Province.
      Method The experiment was carried out in the idle winter field of double-cropping rice. The 25 early-maturing rapeseed varieties were selected as evaluation materials, their growth duration time, yield and quality were assessed, and their correlations with meteorological factors were analyzed as well.
      Result The whole growth duration of 25 winter rapeseed varieties ranged from 136 to 151 d. The days from sowing to initial flowering, from initial flowering to full flowering, from full flowering to flowering end, and from flowering end to maturity were on average 88.0, 7.2, 21.1 and 30.0 d, respectively. The accumulative effective temperatures above 0 ℃ was 1 648.4, 98.3, 360.3 and 525.3 ℃. Their average yield was 1 832.1 kg·hm−2, ranging from 1 279.0 to 2 288.1 kg·hm−2. The average daily yield was 12.5 kg·hm−2, ranging from 8.6 to 15.5 kg·hm−2. The seed yield was positively and significantly correlated with seeds per siliques (P<0.01). The seed oil content averaged at 44.5%, varying from 40.4% to 48.4%. The protein content was 22.4% on average, with a range between 19.2% and 25.4%. Additionally, the average oleic acid content was 58.5%, with a range between 19.6% and 73.3%. Correlation analysis indicated that both yield and oil contents have a significant or extremely significant positive correlation with the average temperature and photosynthetically active radiation from the sowing to initial flowering periods. Cluster analysis discoverd 11 high-yield-type varieties with various growth durations, and their daily yield, seeds per siliques, number of primary branches and total number of siliques per plant were higher or greater.
      Conclusion Early-maturing rapeseed varieties displays significantly different adaptability in the winter production of Guangdong. High-yielding varieties can fully utilize the light and temperature resources in the early growth stages, leading to the formation of high-yield and high-oil traits. They are suitable for “rice-rice-rapeseed” production in some rice-growing areas in central Guangdong.

       

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