Effects of different paddy-upland multiple cropping patterns on soil aggregates, carbon and nitrogen in paddy fields
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摘要:目的
探寻更适合南方稻田可持续发展的水旱复种模式。
方法在江西农业大学科技园开展紫云英−早稻−晚稻(CK)、紫云英−早稻−晚玉米||晚大豆(CRI)、油菜−早稻−晚玉米||晚大豆(RRI)、油菜−早稻−晚稻(RRR)水旱复种模式的田间对比试验。
结果土壤有机碳、全氮含量均为CK>RRR>CRI>RRI。种植紫云英模式的R0.250(粒径≥0.250 mm的团聚体含量)比种植油菜模式的高，土壤结构的稳定性更强。CRI的早稻产量高于其他处理。
结论在南方地区推行紫云英−早稻−晚玉米||晚大豆种植模式(CRI)，有利于农业的可持续发展。
Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate a paddy-upland multiple cropping model that is more conducive to the sustainable development of paddy fields in the southern region.
MethodA comparative field trial was conducted at the Science and Technology Park of Jiangxi Agricultural University to compare the paddy-upland multiple cropping models, including milk vetch-early rice-late rice (CK), milk vetch-early rice-late corn||late soybean (CRI), rape-early rice-late corn||late soybean (RRI), and rape-early rice-late rice (RRR).
ResultThe levels of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen contents were both in the order of CK>RRR>CRI>RRI. In addition, The R0.250 (content of aggregate with diameter ≥ 0.250 mm) values of planting milk vetch modes were higher than those of planting rape modes, the soil structures of planting milk vetch modes were more stable. Furthermore, the early rice yield of CRI mode was the highest among four treatments.
ConclusionAdopting CRI mode of milk vetch-early rice-late corn||late soybean in the southern region is beneficial for the sustainable development of agriculture.
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Keywords:
- Paddy-upland multiple cropping /
- Soil aggregate /
- Soil carbon and nitrogen /
- Crop yield /
- Rice field
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图 1 不同水旱复种模式下土壤有机碳、全氮含量
CK：紫云英−早稻−晚稻，CRI：紫云英−早稻−晚玉米||晚大豆，RRI：油菜−早稻−晚玉米||晚大豆，RRR：油菜−早稻−晚稻；各小图中，柱子上方的不同小写字母表示同茬作物不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05，LSD法)。
Figure 1. Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen contents under different paddy-upland multiple cropping patterns
CK: Milk vetch-early rice-late rice, CRI: Milk vetch-early rice-late corn||late soybean, RRI: Rape-early rice-late corn||late soybean, RRR: Rape-early rice-late rice; Different lowercase letters on the columns in each figure indicate significant differences in the same crop among treatments (P<0.05, LSD method).
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图 2 不同水旱复种模式下晚稻植株有机碳含量
CK：紫云英−早稻−晚稻，RRR：油菜−早稻−晚稻；柱子上方的不同小写字母表示相同部位不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05，t检验)。
Figure 2. Organic carbon content in plant of late rice under different paddy-upland multiple cropping patterns
CK: Milk vetch-early rice-late rice, RRR: Rape-early rice-late rice; Different lowercase letters on the columns indicate significant differences in the same part between different treatments (P<0.05, t test).
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图 3 不同水旱复种模式下早稻植株全氮含量
CK：紫云英−早稻−晚稻，CRI：紫云英−早稻−晚玉米||晚大豆，RRI：油菜−早稻−晚玉米||晚大豆，RRR：油菜−早稻−晚稻；柱子上方的不同小写字母表示相同部位不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05，LSD法)。
Figure 3. Total nitrogen content in plant of early rice under different paddy-upland multiple cropping patterns
CK: Milk vetch-early rice-late rice, CRI: Milk vetch-early rice-late corn||late soybean, RRI: Rape-early rice-late corn||late soybean, RRR: Rape-early rice-late rice; Different lowercase letters on the columns indicate significant differences in the same part among treatments (P<0.05, LSD method).
表 1 田间试验设计
Table 1 Field trial design
处理
Treatment复种模式1)
Multiple cropping pattern备注
NoteCK 紫云英−早稻−晚稻 传统复种模式 CRI 紫云英−早稻−晚玉米||晚大豆 水旱复种模式 RRI 油菜−早稻−晚玉米||晚大豆 水旱复种模式 RRR 油菜−早稻−晚稻 油菜−双季稻复种模式 1) “−”表示接茬，“||”表示间作。
1) “−” represents continuous planting, “||” represents intercropping.
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表 2 不同水旱复种模式对土壤团聚体的影响1)
Table 2 Effects of different paddy-upland multiple cropping patterns on soil aggregates
处理
Treatment不同粒径(r)团聚体质量占比/%
Mass proportion of each grain size (r) aggregateR0.250/% 平均质量
直径/mm
Mean weight
diameter几何平均
直径/mm
Geometry mean
diameter≥2.000 mm 1.000~<
2.000 mm0.250~<
1.000 mm0.053~<
0.250 mm<0.053 mm CK 78.87±6.17a 4.67±1.47a 11.07±5.92a 4.43±1.67b 0.96±0.65a 94.61±1.07a 1.72±0.07a 1.49±0.09a CRI 72.74±12.12a 8.47±5.77a 12.74±3.64a 4.59±2.10ab 1.46±0.83a 93.95±2.75ab 1.67±0.13a 1.41±0.19a RRI 71.03±3.09a 6.79±2.94a 14.34±1.90a 7.39±1.23ab 0.45±0.34a 92.16±0.90ab 1.62±0.03a 1.35±0.04a RRR 75.75±3.89a 4.44±1.26a 9.77±0.47a 8.76±3.11a 1.27±0.27a 89.97±3.37b 1.66±0.06a 1.33±0.12a 1) CK：紫云英−早稻−晚稻，CRI：紫云英−早稻−晚玉米||晚大豆，RRI：油菜−早稻−晚玉米||晚大豆，RRR：油菜−早稻−晚稻；R0.250：粒径≥0.250 mm团聚体的质量占比；同列数据后的不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05，LSD法)。
1) CK: Milk vetch-early rice-late rice, CRI: Milk vetch-early rice-late corn||late soybean, RRI: Rape-early rice-late corn||late soybean, RRR: Rape-early rice-late rice; R0.250: Mass proportion of aggregates with particle size ≥ 0.250 mm; Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among treatments (P<0.05, LSD method).
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表 3 不同水旱复种模式下作物碳氮比1)
Table 3 Carbon to nitrogen ratio in crops under different paddy-upland multiple cropping patterns
处理
Treatment早稻 Early rice 大豆 Soybean 茎
Stem叶
Leaf穗
Spike茎
Stem荚
PodCK 35.26±3.66b 19.47±0.99a 27.77±2.15a CRI 37.82±4.94ab 20.85±2.79a 27.42±1.98a 19.58±2.71a 10.25±1.47a RRI 44.19±3.82a 24.01±4.53a 29.51±0.75a 13.62±1.35b 9.15±0.71a RRR 44.12±3.15a 24.05±1.82a 29.74±1.9a 1) CK：紫云英−早稻−晚稻，CRI：紫云英−早稻−晚玉米||晚大豆，RRI：油菜−早稻−晚玉米||晚大豆，RRR：油菜−早稻−晚稻；早稻同列数据后的不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05，LSD法)；大豆同列数据后的不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05，t检验)。
1) CK: Milk vetch-early rice-late rice, CRI: Milk vetch-early rice-late corn||late soybean, RRI: Rape-early rice-late corn||late soybean, RRR: Rape-early rice-late rice; Different lowercase letters in the same column of early rice indicate significant differences among treatments (P<0.05, LSD method); Different lowercase letters in the same column of soybean indicate significant differences between treatments (P<0.05, t test).
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