南京市江宁区鱼菜共生技术的综合效益评价与分析

    Evaluation and analysis of comprehensive benefits of aquaponics technology in Jiangning District, Nanjing City

    • 摘要:
      目的 鱼菜共生技术结合水产养殖和作物栽培优势,具有氮素转化利用率高、节水减排的特点,可以实现经济和环境效益双赢;但鱼菜共生生产过程涉及的经济和环境指标多,当前缺乏对该生产模式进行综合效益评价的研究。本研究对鱼菜共生系统的环境和经济效益进行量化分析并进行系统性评价与比较,以期为鱼菜共生技术的定性定量分析和研究提供新思路。
      方法 基于南京市江宁区鱼菜共生农场的实际建造和运营数据,以环境效益和经济效益为主要评价指标,通过经验公式法计算单一水产养殖氮排放量以及采用鱼菜共生技术时相关氮损失和氮转化量,并通过实测法定性、定量计算鱼菜共生系统氮转化和排放量,基于农场问卷和调研结果计算鱼菜共生系统的各项经济指标。
      结果 采用鱼菜共生技术后,全氮排放量比单一水产养殖模式减少99.45%,总氨氮排放量减少99.73%;N2O排放和微生物固定转化造成较多的氮损失,N2O排放量和微生物同化的氮损失量分别是水中全氮排放量的4.58和48.60倍;硝化细菌对NO2−N的降解增强,水质更利于鱼类生存。鱼菜共生农场启动的第1年,建设成本占比55.21%,超过其余各项支出的总和。饲料成本是鱼菜共生农场运行时的主要成本来源,占比达73.96%。水产养殖收入在总收入中占比89.74%,是种植收入和服务收入总和的8.75倍。
      结论 本研究建立了科学的鱼菜共生综合效益评价体系,对鱼菜共生技术的生态效益和经济效益评价有一定的指导意义,可为鱼菜共生技术的研究和应用提供多维度参考。

       

      Abstract:
      Objective Aquaponics technology combines the advantages of aquaculture and crop cultivation, featuring high nitrogen conversion utilization ratio as well as water saving and emission reduction, realizing a win-win situation for both economic and environmental benefits, but aquaponics system involves many economic and environmental indicators, and there are fewer current studies on comprehensive benefit evaluation of this production model. In this study, the environmental and economic benefits of aquaponics systems were quantitatively analyzed, systematically evaluated and compared, with a view to providing new ideas for qualitative and quantitative analyses and research on aquaponics technology.
      Method Based on the actual construction and operation data of the aquaponics farm in Jiangning District of Nanjing City, this study took environmental and economic benefits as two main evaluation indexes, calculated nitrogen emission of the single aquaculture mode as well as related nitrogen loss and nitrogen transformation in the aquaponics through the empirical formula method, qualitatively and quantitatively calculated nitrogen transformation and emission of the aquaponics system through the measurement method, and calculated the economic indexes of the aquaponics system based on the questionnaire of the farm and the results of the research.
      Result After adopting aquaponics technology, the total nitrogen emission was reduced by 99.45% and the total ammonia nitrogen emission was reduced by 99.73% compared with the single aquaculture mode; N2O emission and microbial assimilation caused more nitrogen loss, were 4.58 and 48.60 times more than total nitrogen emission in water, respectively; The degradation of NO2-N by nitrifying bacteria was enhanced, the water quality was more conducive to the survival of fish. In the first year of aquaponics farm, the construction cost accounted for 55.21%, which exceeded the sum of other expenditures. Feed cost was the main source of cost when running the aquaponics farm, accounting for 73.96%. Aquaculture income accounted for 89.74% of the total income, which was 8.75 times more than the sum of planting income and service income.
      Conclusion This study establishes the scientific comprehensive benefit evaluation system of aquaponics, which has certain guiding significance for the evaluation of ecological and economic benefits of aquaponics technology, and can provide multi-dimensional references for the research and application of aquaponics technology.

       

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