氮肥后移对稻鱼共生模式下水稻和禾花鲤鱼生长及田间水质环境的影响

李妹娟; 张汇成; 唐颖; 王勇尚; 叶群欢; 尹媛红; 胡香玉; 胡锐; 王昕钰; 钟旭华; 梁开明; 潘俊峰; 傅友强; 刘彦卓

doi:10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.202406035

氮肥后移对稻鱼共生模式下水稻和禾花鲤鱼生长及田间水质环境的影响

Effects of postponing nitrogen application on rice and carp growth and paddy field water quality in rice-fish co-culture system

摘要

摘要:
目的本研究旨在探究稻鱼共生模式下氮肥后移对水稻Oryza sativa产量、稻米品质、氮肥利用率、田鱼存活率、田鱼产量、鱼肉品质以及稻田水质环境的影响，为该模式下稳定水稻产量和田鱼产量、提高氮肥利用效率提供理论依据。
方法以杂交稻‘泰丰优208’和常规稻‘19香’以及禾花鱼Cyprinus carpio品种‘乳源石鲤1号’为试验材料，设计不施氮肥(M0)、一次性基施氮肥(M1，不添加追肥)和氮肥后移(M2，基肥和追肥质量比为7∶3)共3个试验处理，施氮处理的总施氮量为早季150 kg·hm⁻²和晚季180 kg·hm⁻²。
结果与M1处理相比，M2处理的水稻茎蘖数、中后期叶片SPAD值和氮素吸收利用率(RE_N)提高。早、晚季M2处理的RE_N分别比M1处理提高25.82%~91.11%和62.74%~67.35%，2个施氮处理的稻米碾磨品质与外观品质无显著差异。M2处理显著增加了水稻穗分化始期的水体电导率，总氮、铵态氮和硝态氮含量(P < 0.05)，同时显著降低了鲤鱼肉粗脂肪含量(P < 0.05)，但对禾花鲤鱼存活率和产量无明显影响。
结论稻鱼共生系统中氮肥后移可在稳定水稻和禾花鲤鱼产量的同时，提高水稻氮肥利用率，降低禾花鲤鱼粗脂肪含量，对稻米品质和鲤鱼肉蛋白质及总氨基酸含量无显著影响。

Abstract:
Objective This study aims to explore the effects of postponing nitrogen fertilization in the rice-fish co-culture system on rice (Oryza sativa) yield and grain quality, nitrogen utilization rate, fish survival rate, fish yield, fish meat quality, as well as paddy field water quality. This research would provide a theoretical basis for stabilizing rice and fish yields and improving nitrogen utilization efficiency in rice fields under the rice-fish co-culture system.
Method The study used hybrid rice ‘Taifengyou 208’, conventional rice ‘19 Xiang’ and Cyprinus carpio variety ‘Ruyuanshili 1’ as experimental materials. Based on a total nitrogen application rate of 150 kg·hm⁻² for early season and 180 kg·hm⁻² for late season, three experimental treatments were designed: No nitrogen fertilizer application (M0), one-time basal nitrogen fertilizer application (M1, the top dressing fertilizer was not added), and postponing nitrogen application (M2, the mass ratio of basal fertilizer and top dressing fertilizer was 7∶3).
Result Compared to the M1 treatment, M2 treatment was more beneficial for improving the rice tiller numbers, leaf SPAD values and nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency (RE_N) at heading stage. The RE_N of M2 treatment increased 25.82%−91.11% and 62.74%−67.35% in early and late rice growing seasons respectively compared to M1. There was no significant difference in milling quality and appearance quality of rice between two nitrogen application treatments. M2 treatment significantly increased the paddy water electrical conductivity, total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen contents at rice panicle initial stage (P < 0.05), while significantly reduced the crude fat content in carp meat (P < 0.05). However, it had no significant effect on the survival rate or yield of field fish.
Conclusion In the rice-fish co-culture system, postponing nitrogen application can stabilize rice and carp yield, improve nitrogen use efficiency, and reduce crude fat content of carp meat, with no significant effect on rice quality or the protein and total amino acid contents of carp meat.

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