生物炭和生物炭基肥对林木生长和土壤肥力的影响

肖琳; 冯为迅; 罗志忠; 黎竟; 陆洁; 朱洁怡; 曾曙才

doi:10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.202406002

生物炭和生物炭基肥对林木生长和土壤肥力的影响

Effects of biochar and biochar-based fertilizer on forest growth and soil fertility

摘要

摘要:
目的探究生物炭及生物炭基肥施用对火力楠Michelia macclurei生长、养分吸收和土壤肥力的影响，为促进生物炭基肥在林地养分管理上的应用提供科学依据。
方法以火力楠幼林为研究对象，设置不施肥(CK)和分别施用复合肥(CF)、稻壳生物炭(RB)、木屑生物炭(WB)、稻壳生物炭基肥(RBF)、木屑生物炭基肥(WBF)等6个处理，测定1年后火力楠的生长指标、Dickson质量指数、养分含量及土壤理化性质。
结果与CK相比，施用生物炭处理的火力楠根生物量、叶面积、叶N含量和根N累积量显著增加，增幅分别为59.1%~62.2%、44.7%~66.0%、29.5%~45.4%和68.6%~92.3%；施用复合肥和生物炭基肥的Dickson质量指数和全株N、P、K累积量显著增加，增幅分别为136.8%~192.2%、167.7%~267.4%、124.4%~224.5%和191.5%~265.5%，对火力楠生长的促进效果优于单施生物炭。与单施复合肥相比，生物炭基肥对植物生长和土壤改良均有促进作用，RBF处理火力楠SPAD值、土壤pH和速效K含量分别显著增加13.4%、6.2%和99.7%；WBF处理火力楠单株总生物量和P、K累积量显著增加31.5%、44.6%和22.1%，土壤容重显著降低17.3%。模糊隶属函数显示，各处理对火力楠的生长及土壤理化性质改善的综合评价排序为WBF > RBF > CF > WB > RB > CK。
结论生物炭和生物炭基肥均能改善土壤理化性质，有效促进火力楠的生长及养分吸收，其中木屑生物炭基肥的综合效果最佳，为林地养分管理提供了新途径。

Abstract:
Objective In order to study the impacts of biochar and biochar-based fertilizer application on the growth, nutrient uptake, and soil fertility of Michelia macclure, and provide a scientific foundation for encouraging the use of biochar in nutrient management on forest land
Method Taking the young forest of M. macclure as the research object, six treatments were set up, including no fertilization (CK) and application of compound fertilizer (CF), rice husk biochar (RB), wood chip biochar (WB), rice husk biochar based fertilizer (RBF), and wood biochar based fertilizer (WBF). After one year, the growth indices, quality indices, nutrient contents, and soil physicochemical properties of M. macclurei were measured.
Result Compared with CK, the biomass, leaf area, leaf N content, and root N accumulation of M. macclure treated with biochar significantly increased, with the increases of 59.1%−62.2%, 44.7%−66.0%, 29.5%−45.4%, and 68.6%−92.3%, respectively. The Dickson quality index and whole-plant N, P, and K accumulations increased significantly when compound and biochar-based fertilizers were applied, with the increases of 136.8%−192.2%, 167.7%−267.4%, 124.4%−224.5%, and 191.5%−265.5%, respectively. Moreover, the application of compound fertilizer and biochar-based fertilizers had a greater impact on the growth of M. macclurei than the application of biochar alone. The application of biochar-based fertilizer was found to promote both plant growth and soil improvement when compared to application of compound fertilizer alone. The RBF treatment significantly increased the soil pH, soil quick-acting K content, and SPAD value by 13.4%, 6.2%, and 99.7% respectively, while the WBF treatment significantly increased the whole-plant P and K accumulations and total biomass by 31.5%, 44.6%, and 22.1% respectively, and the soil bulk density significantly decreased by 17.3%. The fuzzy affiliation function revealed that the overall impact of treatments on M. macclurei growth and enhancement of soil physicochemical qualities was evaluated in the following order: WBF > RBF > CF > WB > RB > CK.
Conclusion While both biochar and biochar-based fertilizer can enhance the physical and chemical characteristics of soil and successfully encourage the growth and uptake of nutrients by M. macclurei, wood chip biochar-based fertilizer yields the greatest overall results and offers a novel approach to managing nutrients in forest areas.

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