稻田增加沟坑对金背鲤肠道结构、消化酶活性及微生物群落的影响

马兰; 蒙庆米; 李嘉尧; 秦国兵; 姚俊杰; 王秀龙; 杨立

doi:10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.202405036

稻田增加沟坑对金背鲤肠道结构、消化酶活性及微生物群落的影响

Effects of increasing ditches and pits in rice field on intestinal structure, digestive enzyme activity and microbial community of Cyprinus carpio var. Jinbei

摘要

摘要:
目的探究金背鲤Cyprinus carpio var. Jinbei的稻田适应性特征及其肠道与不同稻田生长环境的关系。
方法本研究以在平板式、“一”字沟以及“十”字沟稻田生长的金背鲤为研究对象，采用形态学、酶学及生物信息学的方法探究稻田增加沟坑对金背鲤肠道结构、消化酶活性及微生物群落的影响。
结果 “十”字沟组金背鲤肠道的绒毛最宽(173.59 μm)，其次是“一”字沟组(157.72 μm)，最窄的是平板式组(139.69 μm)。“十”字沟组、“一”字沟组的胰蛋白酶活性分别为4 662.65、4 676.12 U·mg⁻¹，显著高于平板式组的3 752.34 U·mg⁻¹(P<0.05)。从门水平看，稻田增加沟坑后，变形菌门、厚壁菌门仍然是优势菌门，但放线菌门取代梭杆菌门成为优势菌门；从属水平看，平板式组的优势菌属为链球菌属、鲸杆菌属、红杆菌属，“一”字沟组和“十”字沟组优势菌属变化较大，在各组前3位的优势菌属中，“一”字沟组有1种发生改变，“十”字沟中有2种发生改变。
结论稻田中增加沟坑后金背鲤肠道的结构、消化酶活性、微生物群落及优势菌群会发生改变，调节代谢以适应新的稻田水环境，但金背鲤肠道核心菌群的组成仍然保持相对稳定。

Abstract:
Objective To explore the rice field adaptive characteristics of Cyprinus carpio var. Jinbei (goldenback carp), as well as the relationship between their gut and different rice field environments.
Method The study focused on the growth of goldenback carp in flat plate, “single line” ditch, and “cross-shaped” ditch rice fields, using morphological, enzymatic and bioinformatics methods to investigate the effects of adding ditches and pits in rice fields on the intestinal structure, digestive enzyme activities and microbial communities of the goldenback carp.
Result The villus width of goldenback carp intestine in “cross-shaped” ditch group was the widest (173.59 μm), followed by the “single line” ditch group (157.72 μm), and the flat plate group was the narrowest (139.69 μm). The trypsin activities of the “cross-shaped” ditch group and the “single line” ditch group were 4 662.65 and 4 676.12 U·mg⁻¹, respectively, significantly higher than that of the flat plate group (3 752.34 U·mg⁻¹) (P<0.05). At the phylum level, after adding ditches and pits in rice fields, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes remained dominant, but Actinobacteria replaced the Bacteroidetes as the dominant phylum. At the genus level, the dominant genera in the flat plate group were Streptococcus, Cetobacterium and Rhodobacter. There were obvious changes in the dominant genera of the “single line” ditch and “cross-shaped” ditch groups, among the top three dominant bacterial genera in each group, one changed in the “single line” ditch, and two changed in the “cross-shaped” ditch.
Conclusion The intestinal structure, digestive enzyme activity, microbial community and dominant bacterial groups of the goldenback carp change with the addition of ditches and pits in rice fields, regulating metabolism to adapt to the new rice field water environments. Despite the changes, the composition of the core intestinal flora of the goldenback carp remains relatively stable.

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