吴本丽, 黄龙, 吴仓仓, 等. 投喂水平对稻田养殖中华鳖摄食生态的影响[J]. 华南农业大学学报, 2024, 45(6): 1-10. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.202405028
    引用本文: 吴本丽, 黄龙, 吴仓仓, 等. 投喂水平对稻田养殖中华鳖摄食生态的影响[J]. 华南农业大学学报, 2024, 45(6): 1-10. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.202405028
    WU Benli, HUANG Long, WU Cangcang, et al. Effects of feeding level on feeding ecology of Chinese soft-shelled turtles (Pelodiscus sinensis) cultured in rice fields[J]. Journal of South China Agricultural University, 2024, 45(6): 1-10. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.202405028
    Citation: WU Benli, HUANG Long, WU Cangcang, et al. Effects of feeding level on feeding ecology of Chinese soft-shelled turtles (Pelodiscus sinensis) cultured in rice fields[J]. Journal of South China Agricultural University, 2024, 45(6): 1-10. DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.202405028

    投喂水平对稻田养殖中华鳖摄食生态的影响

    Effects of feeding level on feeding ecology of Chinese soft-shelled turtles (Pelodiscus sinensis) cultured in rice fields

    • 摘要:
      目的 调查不同投喂水平条件下中华鳖Pelodiscus sinensis在稻田中摄食天然饵料种类和强度,探索稻鳖共作模式下中华鳖的摄食生态,为优化稻田综合种养投喂策略、揭示生态效益形成过程和机制提供依据。
      方法 以稻鳖共作为研究对象,在大田试验中设置0.7%、1.4%和2.1%(w) 3个投喂水平,运用胃含物形态学分析和环境DNA高通量测序分析方法,获得各组中华鳖对天然饵料和人工饲料的摄食习性,分析不同饵料在不同处理组中的相对重要性指数等。
      结果 中华鳖摄食率随投喂水平的提高有所上升。胃含物形态学分析中共识别出鱼类8种,虾类2种,软体动物2种,昆虫、轮虫等9种,出现率较高的物种包括棒花鱼、麦穗鱼、日本沼虾、中华圆田螺、多肢轮虫、摇蚊幼虫和水丝蚓等。随着投喂水平的上升,胃含物中饲料出现率和相对重要性指数占比(IRIP)均显著上升,天然饵料IRIP下降,当投喂水平为2.1%时,饲料IRIP高达91.97%,天然饵料IRIP之和仅为8.03%。环境DNA高通量测序分析结果显示,在某一或多个样本中相对丰度大于0.5%的鱼类有16种,其中,棒花鱼、麦穗鱼、中华鳑鲏、张氏䱗、泥鳅、大鳞副泥鳅、鲫和短吻银鱼与胃含物形态学分析结果吻合;共注释大型水生物脊椎动物36种,胃含物中DNA丰度大于1%的物种主要包括寄蝇、秀丽白虾、中国圆田螺、摇蚊幼虫、水丝蚓、轮虫等。
      结论 中华鳖在稻田摄食的天然饵料主要包括小型鱼类、软体动物、节肢动物以及轮虫等。高投喂水平导致天然饵料的摄食率和IRIP更低,可能进而降低稻田共作的生态效益。

       

      Abstract:
      Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the species and abundance of natural food for Chinese soft-shelled turtles (Pelodiscus sinensis) cultured in paddy fields under different feeding levels, explore the feeding ecology of P. sinensis in the rice-turtle co-culture mode, and provide a basis for optimizing the feeding strategy of comprehensive planting and breeding in rice fields and revealing the formation process and mechanism of ecological benefits.
      Method The field feeding experiment was conducted with three feeding levels of 0.7%, 1.4% and 2.1%(w) for studying rice-turtle co-culture. Morphological analysis of stomach contents and environmental DNA analysis were conducted to determine the feeding habit of the natural food and commercial feed for P. sinensis in different treatment groups. The relative importance index of different food in treatments was also analyzed.
      Result The feeding rate of P. sinensis increased with the increasing of feeding level. In morphological analysis of stomach contents, 8 species of fish, 2 species of shrimp, 2 species of molluscs, 9 species of insects and rotifers were identified. The species with high occurrence rate included Abbottina rivularis, Pseudorasbora parva, Macrobrachium nipponense, Cipangopaludina chinensis, Polyarthra sp., Chironomidae larvae and Limnodrilus sp.. The occurrence rate and relative importance index proportion (IRIP) of commercial feed significantly increased with the increase of feeding level, while the IRIP of natural food decreased. The IRIP of commercial feed was 91.97% when the feeding level was 2.1%, and the added IRIP of multiple natural food was only 8.03%. In environmental DNA analysis, there were 16 species of fish with DNA relative abundance higher than 0.5%, and among them, Abbottina rivularis, Pseudorasbora parva, Rhodeus sinensis, Hemiculter tchangi, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, Paramisgurnus dabryanus, Carassius auratus and Hemisalanx brachyrostralis were also identified in morphology analysis of stomach contents. A total of 36 species of aquatic vertebrates were identified, and the species with DNA relative abundance higher than 1% in stomach content samples mainly included Pseudochaeta sp. Janzen14, Palaemom modestus, Cipangopaludina chinensis, Chironomidaelarvae, Limnodrilus sp., rotifer, etc.
      Conclusion The natural food of P. sinensis included small fish, molluscs, arthropods and rotifers, etc. Higher feeding level of commercial feed results in lowerfeeding rate and IRIPof natural food, whichwould reduce the ecological benefits of co-culture.

       

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